Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Jul 24;286(1907):20190488. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0488. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
Humans create social closeness with one another through a variety of shared social activities in which they align their emotions or mental states towards an external stimulus such as dancing to music together, playing board games together or even engaging in minimal shared experiences such as watching a movie together. Although these specific behaviours would seem to be uniquely human, it is unclear whether the underlying psychology is unique to the species, or if other species might possess some form of this psychological mechanism as well. Here we show that great apes who have visually attended to a video together with a human (study 1) and a conspecific (study 2) subsequently approach that individual faster (study 1) or spend more time in their proximity (study 2) than when they had attended to something different. Our results suggest that one of the most basic mechanisms of human social bonding-feeling closer to those with whom we act or attend together-is present in both humans and great apes, and thus has deeper evolutionary roots than previously suspected.
人类通过各种共享的社交活动与彼此建立社交亲密感，在这些活动中，他们会将自己的情绪或心理状态与外部刺激（如一起听音乐、一起玩棋盘游戏，甚至是一起进行最小程度的共享体验，如一起看电影）对齐。虽然这些特定的行为似乎是人类独有的，但目前尚不清楚潜在的心理学是否是该物种所独有的，或者其他物种是否也具有这种心理机制。在这里，我们展示了与人类（研究 1）和同类（研究 2）一起观看视频的大型猿类随后会更快地接近那个人（研究 1）或在其附近停留更长时间（研究 2），而不是观看其他东西时的情况。我们的结果表明，人类社交联系中最基本的机制之一——与我们一起行动或参与的人感觉更亲近——在人类和大型猿类中都存在，因此比之前想象的具有更深的进化根源。
