眼科中的宏基因组学：假说还是真正的前景？
Metagenomics in ophthalmology: Hypothesis or real prospective?
作者信息
Gallon Paola, Parekh Mohit, Ferrari Stefano, Fasolo Adriano, Ponzin Diego, Borroni Davide
机构信息
Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy.
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
出版信息
Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2019 Jun 26;23:e00355. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00355. eCollection 2019 Sep.
Metagenomic analysis was originally associated with the studies of genetic material from environmental samples. But, with the advent of the Human Microbiome Project, it has now been applied in clinical practices. The ocular surface (OS) is the most exposed part of the eye, colonized by several microbial communities (both, OS and environmental) that contribute to the maintenance of the physiological state. Limited knowledge has been acquired on these microbes due to the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. Emerging fields of research are focusing on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies to obtain reliable information on the OS microbiome. Currently only pre-specified pathogens can be detected by conventional culture-based techniques or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), but there are conditions to state whether metagenomics could revolutionize the diagnosis of ocular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the studies involving NGS technology for OS microbiome.
宏基因组分析最初与环境样本中的遗传物质研究相关。但是，随着人类微生物组计划的出现，它现在已应用于临床实践。眼表（OS）是眼睛最暴露的部分，由几个微生物群落（眼表和环境中的）定植，这些微生物群落有助于维持生理状态。由于传统诊断方法的局限性，关于这些微生物的知识有限。新兴的研究领域正专注于下一代测序（NGS）技术，以获取有关眼表微生物组的可靠信息。目前，基于传统培养技术或聚合酶链反应（PCR）只能检测预先指定的病原体，但对于宏基因组学是否能彻底改变眼部疾病的诊断尚无定论。本综述的目的是提供关于涉及眼表微生物组的NGS技术研究的最新概述。
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