Llistosella María, Gutiérrez-Rosado Teresa, Rodríguez-Rey Rocío, Liebenberg Linda, Bejarano Ángela, Gómez-Benito Juana, Limonero Joaquín T
Center of Primary Health Care Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 28;10:1410. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01410. eCollection 2019.
Resilience is defined as a dynamic process that entails a positive adaptation to contexts of adversity. According to the ecological model, resilient behavior emerges as a result of the interaction between individual, relational, community and cultural variables. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28), developed in Canada and based on the ecological model, has been validated in several countries. The objective of this article is to present the cultural adaptation (studies I and II) and validation (study III) in Spanish at risk youth. A three-study mixed-method design was selected. Study I includes translations and a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of a sample of 270 Spanish young persons (56.9% boys) aged between 12 and 18 years ( = 14.65; SD = 1.27) from an urban public elementary school. Study II uses semi-structured interviews with adolescents identified as resilient and presents a content analysis and a reformulation of items with experts. Study III includes the confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest, convergent and discriminant validity, and multivariate analysis of variance to explore group differences of the resulting scale CYRM-32. The sample consisted of 432 at-risk young persons (54.9% boys) aged between 12 and 19 years old ( = 14.99; SD = 2.23). The results confirm the adequate psychometric properties of the CYRM-32 scale. From the original scale, 4 items were eliminated, 5 were reformulated presenting very low saturations. Meanwhile, 6 items were added to the cultural adaptation phase, resulting in a 32-item scale. The confirmatory analysis confirms the 3 factors expected in the CYRM-32 scale with good reliability indexes (Cronbach's α total scale 0.88, family interaction 0.79, interaction with others 0.72 and individual skills 0.78). The scale has convergent and discriminant validity in relation to the Brief Resilient Coping Scale, Coping Scale for Adolescents and Self-Concept. Significant differences were found in the scores of the CYRM-32 scale for the ethnic variable [(71. 358) = 1.714, < 0.001], while no differences appear according to age and gender. This finding confirms the importance of culture in the resiliency processes. The CYRM-32 scale has good psychometric properties and is a new alternative for measuring resilience in Spanish at-risk youth.
复原力被定义为一个动态过程，它需要对逆境环境进行积极适应。根据生态模型，复原力行为是个体、关系、社区和文化变量之间相互作用的结果。在加拿大开发并基于生态模型的儿童和青少年复原力量表（CYRM - 28）已在多个国家得到验证。本文的目的是呈现针对西班牙高危青少年的文化调适（研究一和研究二）以及验证（研究三）。研究采用了三项研究的混合方法设计。研究一包括翻译以及对来自一所城市公立小学的270名12至18岁西班牙年轻人（56.9%为男孩）样本进行验证性和探索性因素分析（平均年龄 = 14.65岁；标准差 = 1.27）。研究二对被认定为具有复原力的青少年进行半结构化访谈，并进行内容分析以及与专家共同对条目进行重新制定。研究三包括验证性因素分析、内部一致性、重测信度、收敛效度和区分效度，以及方差多元分析以探索所得CYRM - 32量表的组间差异。样本由432名12至19岁的高危年轻人组成（54.9%为男孩）（平均年龄 = 14.99岁；标准差 = 2.23）。结果证实了CYRM - 32量表具有良好的心理测量学特性。从原始量表中，剔除了4个条目，重新制定了5个饱和度非常低的条目。同时，在文化调适阶段增加了6个条目，形成了一个32个条目的量表。验证性分析证实了CYRM - 32量表中预期的3个因素具有良好的信度指标（克朗巴哈α系数总量表为0.88，家庭互动为0.79，与他人互动为0.72，个人技能为0.78）。该量表在与简短复原力应对量表、青少年应对量表和自我概念方面具有收敛效度和区分效度。在CYRM - 32量表得分上，发现种族变量存在显著差异[F(71. 358)=1.714，p < 0.001]，而根据年龄和性别未发现差异。这一发现证实了文化在复原力过程中的重要性。CYRM - 32量表具有良好的心理测量学特性，是测量西班牙高危青少年复原力的一种新选择。
