Department of Medical and Mechatronics Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Comput Intell Neurosci. 2019 Jun 16;2019:5427154. doi: 10.1155/2019/5427154. eCollection 2019.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to enable people to interact with the external world through an alternative, nonmuscular communication channel that uses brain signal responses to complete specific cognitive tasks. BCIs have been growing rapidly during the past few years, with most of the BCI research focusing on system performance, such as improving accuracy or information transfer rate. Despite these advances, BCI research and development is still in its infancy and requires further consideration to significantly affect human experience in most real-world environments. This paper reviews the most recent studies and findings about ergonomic issues in BCIs. We review dry electrodes that can be used to detect brain signals with high enough quality to apply in BCIs and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and performance. Also, an overview is provided of the wide range of recent efforts to create new interface designs that do not induce fatigue or discomfort during everyday, long-term use. The basic principles of each technique are described, along with examples of current applications in BCI research. Finally, we demonstrate a user-friendly interface paradigm that uses dry capacitive electrodes that do not require any preparation procedure for EEG signal acquisition. We explore the capacitively measured steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) response to an amplitude-modulated visual stimulus and the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to an auditory stimulus modulated by familiar natural sounds to verify their availability for BCI. We report the first results of an online demonstration that adopted this ergonomic approach to evaluating BCI applications. We expect BCI to become a routine clinical, assistive, and commercial tool through advanced EEG monitoring techniques and innovative interface designs.
脑机接口 (BCI) 旨在通过使用大脑信号响应来完成特定认知任务的替代非肌肉通信通道，使人们能够与外部世界进行交互。在过去的几年中，BCI 发展迅速，大多数 BCI 研究都集中在系统性能上，例如提高准确性或信息传输率。尽管取得了这些进展，但 BCI 的研究和开发仍处于起步阶段，需要进一步考虑才能在大多数真实环境中对人类体验产生重大影响。本文回顾了关于 BCI 中人体工程学问题的最新研究和发现。我们回顾了可以用于检测具有足够高质量的脑信号的干电极，以应用于 BCI，并讨论了它们的优点、缺点和性能。还概述了最近为创建新的接口设计而做出的广泛努力，这些设计在日常长期使用中不会引起疲劳或不适。描述了每种技术的基本原理，并举例说明了当前在 BCI 研究中的应用。最后，我们展示了一种用户友好的接口范例，该范例使用无需进行任何 EEG 信号采集准备过程的干电容电极。我们探索了对幅度调制视觉刺激的电容测量稳态视觉诱发电位 (SSVEP) 响应和对调制熟悉自然声音的听觉刺激的听觉稳态响应 (ASSR)，以验证它们在 BCI 中的可用性。我们报告了采用这种人体工程学方法评估 BCI 应用的在线演示的第一个结果。我们预计，通过先进的 EEG 监测技术和创新的接口设计，BCI 将成为常规的临床、辅助和商业工具。
