School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Oct;76(20):4043-4070. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03199-x. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
干细胞产生所有细胞，并构建我们身体的组织结构，异质性和可塑性是干细胞的标志。与生态位信号相关的表观遗传修饰决定了干细胞的分化和体细胞重编程。干细胞在肿瘤的发生发展中起着关键作用，并且能够产生 3D 类器官。了解干细胞的特性将提高我们维持组织内稳态的能力。解析表观遗传调控有助于实现高效的细胞重编程，并为癌症治疗开发新的药物。干细胞来源的类器官为人类疾病建模和再生医学开辟了新途径。然而，除了在干细胞研究方面取得的成就外，干细胞要在临床上得到广泛应用，仍有许多挑战需要克服。
