West R, Russell M A
Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, London University, Egham, Surrey, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;94(4):563-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00212856.
Twenty-one smokers underwent 24-h abstinence from cigarettes. Both prior to, and after, the abstinence period cardiovascular and subjective effects of smoking a cigarette were measured. Withdrawal symptoms found during abstinence were: irritability, depression, hunger, difficulty concentrating, restlessness and urges to smoke. In addition, the subjects reported feeling physically less well. Withdrawal discomfort was positively correlated with the strength of the subjective effects (e.g. dizziness, nausea) of smoking the post-abstinence cigarette after taking account of estimated nicotine boost from that cigarette. A similar, though only marginally significant association was found between withdrawal severity and heart rate boost from the post-abstinence cigarette. Our results suggest that the severity of withdrawal may be related to loss of acute tolerance to nicotine. It is not clear whether this is due to more rapid nicotine clearance, constitutional differences in sensitivity to nicotine in the absence of acute tolerance, or other factors. There was no evidence to support the view that higher chronic tolerance to nicotine's heart-rate effects was associated with more severe withdrawal. If anything, the reverse appeared to be the case.
21名吸烟者经历了24小时的戒烟期。在戒烟期之前和之后，均测量了吸一支烟对心血管和主观方面的影响。在戒烟期间发现的戒断症状有：易怒、抑郁、饥饿、注意力难以集中、坐立不安以及吸烟冲动。此外，受试者报告感觉身体状况较差。在考虑了戒烟后所吸香烟估计的尼古丁增量后，戒断不适与戒烟后所吸香烟的主观影响（如头晕、恶心）强度呈正相关。在戒断严重程度与戒烟后所吸香烟引起的心率加快之间发现了类似的关联，不过仅具有微弱的显著性。我们的结果表明，戒断的严重程度可能与对尼古丁急性耐受性的丧失有关。目前尚不清楚这是由于尼古丁清除速度更快、在缺乏急性耐受性时对尼古丁敏感性的体质差异，还是其他因素。没有证据支持这样的观点，即对尼古丁心率影响的更高慢性耐受性与更严重的戒断有关。如果有任何关联的话，情况似乎恰恰相反。
