Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 17;9(7):e028206. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028206.
The development and pilot of a self-report questionnaire, to assess personal and professional development of healthcare professionals gained through experiences in low-income and middle-income countries.
The instrument was developed from a core set of the outcomes of international placements for UK healthcare professionals. Principal component analysis and multidimensional item response theory were conducted using results of a cross-sectional pilot study to highlight items with the best psychometric properties.
Questionnaires were completed both online and in multiple UK healthcare professional events face-to-face.
436 healthcare professional participants from the UK (with and without international experience) completed a 110-item questionnaire in which they assessed their knowledge, skills and attitudes.
The 110-item questionnaire included self-report questions on a 7-point Likert scale of agreement, developed from the core outcome set, including items on satisfaction, clinical skills, communication and other important healthcare professional knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. Item reduction led to development of the 40-item Measuring the Outcomes of Volunteering for Education-Tool. Internal consistency was evaluated by the Cronbach's α coefficient. Exploratory analysis investigated the structure of the data using principal component analysis and multivariate item response theory.
Exploratory analysis found 10 principal components that explained 71.80% of the variance. Components were labelled 'attitude to work, adaptability, adapting communication, cultural sensitivity, difficult communication, confidence, teaching, management, behaviour change and life satisfaction'. Internal consistency was acceptable for the identified components (α=0.72-0.86).
A 40-item self-report questionnaire developed from a core outcome set for personal and professional development from international placements was developed, with evidence of good reliability and validity. This questionnaire will increase understanding of impact of international placements, facilitating comparisons of different types of experience. This will aid decision making about whether UK healthcare professionals should be encouraged to volunteer internationally and in what capacity.
开发并试点一份自我报告问卷，以评估医疗保健专业人员通过在低收入和中等收入国家的经验获得的个人和专业发展。
该工具是从英国医疗保健专业人员国际安置的结果的核心集开发而来。使用横断面试点研究的结果进行主成分分析和多维项目反应理论，以突出具有最佳心理测量特性的项目。
问卷通过在线和英国多个医疗保健专业人员活动中的面对面方式完成。
来自英国的 436 名医疗保健专业人员（有和没有国际经验）完成了一份 110 项的问卷，他们在问卷中评估了自己的知识、技能和态度。
该 110 项问卷包括对同意程度的 7 点李克特量表的自我报告问题，这些问题是从核心结果集开发而来的，包括对满意度、临床技能、沟通和其他重要的医疗保健专业知识、技能、态度和行为的项目。通过项目减少，开发了 40 项志愿教育工具测量结果。使用克朗巴赫的 α 系数评估内部一致性。使用主成分分析和多变量项目反应理论进行探索性分析，以研究数据的结构。
探索性分析发现了 10 个主要成分，这些成分解释了 71.80%的方差。这些成分分别标记为“工作态度、适应能力、适应沟通、文化敏感性、沟通困难、信心、教学、管理、行为改变和生活满意度”。已确定成分的内部一致性可接受（α=0.72-0.86）。
从国际安置的个人和专业发展的核心结果集开发了一个 40 项自我报告问卷，具有良好的可靠性和有效性的证据。该问卷将增加对国际安置影响的理解，促进对不同类型经验的比较。这将有助于决定是否应鼓励英国医疗保健专业人员国际自愿，并以何种身份参与。
