Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 18;11(7):1647. doi: 10.3390/nu11071647.
The inhabitants of Lazio, similarly to those of other Italian regions, have been historically exposed to the detrimental effects of an inadequate intake of iodine. The latter is a micronutrient essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH). Iodine deficiency is responsible for a number of adverse effects on human health known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), the most common of which worldwide are goiter and hypothyroidism. In order to reduce IDD, a national salt iodination program was started in Italy in 2005. In this article we reviewed the available data regarding iodine intake in the Lazio population before and after the introduction of the national salt iodination program, in order to evaluate its efficacy and the eventual problem(s) limiting its success. On the whole, the information acquired indicates that, following the introduction of the program, the dietary iodine intake in the Lazio population is improved. There is, however, still much work ahead to ameliorate the iodine prophylaxis in this region. In fact, although a generally adequate iodine intake in school-age children has been observed, there are still areas where a mild iodine insufficiency is present. Moreover, two independent epidemiological surveys on pregnant women evidenced a low urinary iodine concentration with respect to the reference range conceived by the World Health Organization. These findings demonstrate the need for greater attention to the iodine prophylaxis by health care providers (i.e., obstetricians, gynecologists, pediatricians, etc.), and the implementation of effective advertising campaigns aimed at increasing the knowledge and awareness of the favorable effects of iodine supplementation on population health.
拉齐奥的居民与意大利其他地区的居民一样，历史上一直受到碘摄入不足的不利影响。碘是甲状腺激素（TH）生物合成所必需的一种微量营养素。碘缺乏会导致许多对人类健康有害的影响，这些影响被称为碘缺乏症（IDD），其中最常见的是甲状腺肿和甲状腺功能减退症。为了减少 IDD，意大利于 2005 年开始实施国家食盐碘化计划。在本文中，我们回顾了引入国家食盐碘化计划前后拉齐奥人群的碘摄入量的现有数据，以评估其效果以及可能限制其成功的问题。总体而言，获得的信息表明，该计划实施后，拉齐奥人群的膳食碘摄入量有所改善。然而，该地区的碘预防仍有许多工作要做。事实上，尽管观察到学龄儿童的碘摄入量普遍充足，但仍有一些地区存在轻度碘不足。此外，两项针对孕妇的独立流行病学调查显示，与世界卫生组织（WHO）设想的参考范围相比，孕妇的尿碘浓度较低。这些发现表明，医疗保健提供者（即妇产科医生、儿科医生等）需要更加关注碘预防，并且需要实施有效的宣传活动，以提高人们对碘补充对人群健康的有利影响的认识。
