Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Dyslexia. 2019 Aug;25(3):284-295. doi: 10.1002/dys.1629. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Reading is vital to every aspect of modern life, exacerbated by reliance of the internet, email, and social media on the written medium. Developmental dyslexia (DD) characterizes a disorder in which the core deficit involves reading. Traditionally, DD is thought to be associated with a phonological impairment. However, recent evidence has begun to suggest that the reading impairment in some individuals is provoked by a visual processing deficit. In this paper, we present WISC-IV data from more than 300 Italian children with a diagnosis of DD to investigate the manifestation of phonological and visual subtypes. Our results indicate the existence of two clusters of children with DD. In one cluster, the deficit was more pronounced in the phonological component, while both clusters were impaired in visual processing. These data indicate that DD may be an umbrella term that encompasses different profiles. From a theoretical perspective, our results demonstrate that dyslexia cannot be explained in terms of an isolated phonological deficit alone; visual impairment plays a crucial role. Moreover, general rather than specific accounts of DD are discussed.
阅读对于现代生活的各个方面都至关重要，而互联网、电子邮件和社交媒体对书面媒体的依赖更是加剧了这一点。发展性阅读障碍（DD）的特征是一种核心缺陷涉及阅读。传统上，DD 被认为与语音障碍有关。然而，最近的证据开始表明，一些人的阅读障碍是由视觉处理缺陷引起的。在本文中，我们从 300 多名意大利被诊断为 DD 的儿童的 WISC-IV 数据中，调查了语音和视觉亚型的表现。我们的结果表明，DD 儿童存在两个聚类。在一个聚类中，语音成分的缺陷更为明显，而两个聚类在视觉处理方面都有缺陷。这些数据表明，DD 可能是一个包含不同特征的总称。从理论角度来看，我们的结果表明，阅读障碍不能仅用孤立的语音缺陷来解释；视觉障碍起着至关重要的作用。此外，还讨论了一般而非特定的 DD 解释。
