Sharma Rakesh, Rawat Nandita, Panwar Nalini
Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Clinical Nurse, Himalayan Hospital, Jollygrant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jun;8(6):2068-2072. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_237_19.
Poisoning is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India and also a major health problem worldwide. Majority of the studies shows that insecticides and pesticides compounds are the most widely used agents for poisoning.
A retrospective study was conducted to explore the hospital records of patients with acute poisoning cases. A structured proforma used to collect data regarding patients' demographic information, incidence of poisoning, cause and type of poisoning, clinical presentation of patient, treatment, and prognosis. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.
A total 505 patient files with poisoning cases were admitted at emergency department. The mean age of the patients was 28.43 ± 14 years (range 1-84 years). In gender-wise ratio, male patients (59%) were higher than the females (39%). The occurrence of poisoning was high 209 (41.38%) in young adult with age of 21-30 years. The causes of poisoning were suicide in 63.96% of cases. In majority, 310 (61.38%) patients consumed insecticides or pesticides. About 51.1% patients were treated at locally available medical facilities and 48.9% cases were brought to tertiary care center directly for the treatment. About 258 (51.08%) patients treated with gastric lavage, and for 9 (1.8%) patients endotracheal intubation was performed. The average stay in the hospital was 12.53 ± 7.53 days and mortality was 42 (8.31%).
This study highlights that the incidence of poisoning and its morbidity and mortality can be reduced by development and implementation of effective intervention at primary level by health care providers and strategies on preventive aspect.
中毒是印度发病和死亡的主要原因，也是全球的一个重大健康问题。大多数研究表明，杀虫剂和农药化合物是中毒最广泛使用的制剂。
进行了一项回顾性研究，以探究急性中毒病例患者的医院记录。使用结构化表格收集有关患者人口统计学信息、中毒发生率、中毒原因和类型、患者临床表现、治疗及预后的数据。采用描述性和推断性统计方法对数据进行分析。
共有505份中毒病例患者档案在急诊科入院。患者的平均年龄为28.43±14岁（范围1 - 84岁）。按性别比例，男性患者（59%）高于女性患者（39%）。21至30岁的年轻成年人中毒发生率较高，为209例（41.38%）。中毒原因在63.96%的病例中是自杀。大多数情况下，310例（61.38%）患者摄入了杀虫剂或农药。约51.1%的患者在当地可用的医疗机构接受治疗，48.9%的病例直接被送往三级护理中心进行治疗。约258例（51.08%）患者接受了洗胃治疗，9例（1.8%）患者进行了气管插管。患者平均住院时间为12.53±7.53天，死亡率为42例（8.31%）。
本研究强调，通过医疗保健提供者在初级层面制定和实施有效的干预措施以及预防方面的策略，可以降低中毒的发生率及其发病率和死亡率。
