Lock Alistair, Cornish Jillian, Musson David S
Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
J Funct Biomater. 2019 Jul 12;10(3):31. doi: 10.3390/jfb10030031.
Grafts are required to restore tissue integrity and function. However, current gold standard autografting techniques yield limited harvest, with high rates of complication. In the search for viable substitutes, the number of biomaterials being developed and studied has increased rapidly. To date, low clinical uptake has accompanied inherently high failure rates, with immune rejection a specific and common end result. The objective of this review article was to evaluate published immune assays evaluating biomaterials, and to stress the value that incorporating immune assessment into evaluations carries. Immunogenicity assays have had three areas of focus: cell viability, maturation and activation, with the latter being the focus in the majority of the literature due to its relevance to functional outcomes. With recent studies suggesting poor correlation between current in vitro and in vivo testing of biomaterials, in vitro immune response assays may be more relevant and enhance ability in predicting acceptance prior to in vivo application. Uptake of in vitro immune response assessment will allow for substantial reductions in experimental time and resources, including unnecessary and unethical animal use, with a simultaneous decrease in inappropriate biomaterials reaching clinic. This improvement in bench to bedside safety is paramount to reduce patient harm.
移植是恢复组织完整性和功能所必需的。然而，目前的金标准自体移植技术收获有限，并发症发生率高。在寻找可行替代物的过程中，正在开发和研究的生物材料数量迅速增加。迄今为止，临床应用率低伴随着固有的高失败率，免疫排斥是一个具体且常见的最终结果。这篇综述文章的目的是评估已发表的评估生物材料的免疫分析方法，并强调将免疫评估纳入评估的价值。免疫原性分析主要集中在三个方面：细胞活力、成熟和激活，由于后者与功能结果相关，因此在大多数文献中是重点。最近的研究表明，目前生物材料的体外和体内测试之间相关性较差，体外免疫反应分析可能更具相关性，并能增强在体内应用前预测生物材料可接受性的能力。采用体外免疫反应评估将大幅减少实验时间和资源，包括不必要和不道德的动物使用，同时减少进入临床的不合适生物材料数量。从实验台到病床旁安全性的这种改善对于减少患者伤害至关重要。
