Summer Suzanne S, Couch Sarah C, Shah Amy S, McNeill Meghan P, Peairs Abigail D
Clinical Translational Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Allied Health Sciences, 3202 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Diabetes Manag (Lond). 2019;9(1):28-38.
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) must consider multiple factors in diet planning, including glycemic control and cardiovascular disease prevention, while ensuring adequate nutrition for growth. We examined diet composition, quality, and compliance for two dietary patterns - the traditional Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and a modified version of DASH in this population.
Two feeding studies were conducted. First, adolescents with T1DM consumed their usual diet for 3 days followed by traditional DASH for 6 days. Next, DASH menus were adjusted to align with T1DM nutrition guidelines, and this modified DASH for Diabetes (DASH-D) was tested on a new group of adolescents with T1DM for 6 days, following 3 days of usual diet. Usual diet was measured via 24-hr dietary recalls. Dietary composition of DASH-D was compared to DASH and usual diet. Eighteen adolescents (9/group) participated. Compared to usual diet, intake of protein, fiber, fruit, vegetables, lean meats, and low-fat dairy were higher, while saturated fat and added sugar were lower, in DASH-D. Percent energy from fat was higher, and from carbohydrate lower, in DASH-D versus traditional DASH, with food group intake reflecting these patterns. Participants consumed 87% of foods provided for DASH, and 98% of foods provided for DASH-D. In both DASH iterations, participants met national guidelines for fat, saturated fat, fiber, and fruit/vegetable intake, while usual diet fell short of these recommendations.
The novel DASH-D pattern meets guidelines and may be a viable option for achieving nutrition goals for adolescents with T1DM.
1型糖尿病（T1DM）青少年在进行饮食规划时必须考虑多种因素，包括血糖控制和心血管疾病预防，同时要确保有足够营养支持生长。我们研究了两种饮食模式——传统的终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）和该模式的改良版——在这一人群中的饮食组成、质量和依从性。
进行了两项喂养研究。首先，患有T1DM的青少年先按其日常饮食进食3天，随后采用传统DASH饮食6天。接下来，对DASH菜单进行调整以符合T1DM营养指南，在另一组患有T1DM的青少年中，在3天日常饮食之后对这种改良的糖尿病DASH饮食（DASH-D）进行了6天测试。通过24小时饮食回顾来测量日常饮食。将DASH-D的饮食组成与DASH和日常饮食进行比较。18名青少年（每组9名）参与了研究。与日常饮食相比，DASH-D中蛋白质、纤维、水果、蔬菜、瘦肉和低脂乳制品的摄入量较高，而饱和脂肪和添加糖的摄入量较低。与传统DASH相比，DASH-D中来自脂肪的能量百分比更高，来自碳水化合物的能量百分比更低，食物组摄入量反映了这些模式。参与者食用了为DASH提供食物的87%，以及为DASH-D提供食物的98%。在两种DASH饮食模式中，参与者均达到了脂肪、饱和脂肪、纤维以及水果/蔬菜摄入量的国家指南标准，而日常饮食未达到这些建议标准。
新型的DASH-D模式符合指南要求，可能是实现T1DM青少年营养目标的一个可行选择。
