Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(12):992-1003. doi: 10.2174/1389201020666190731121016.
Tissue engineering focuses on developing biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve tissue functions. The three main components of its application are scaffold, cell and growthstimulating signals. Scaffolds composed of biomaterials mainly function as the structural support for ex vivo cells to attach and proliferate. They also provide physical, mechanical and biochemical cues for the differentiation of cells before transferring to the in vivo site. Collagen has been long used in various clinical applications, including drug delivery. The wide usage of collagen in the clinical field can be attributed to its abundance in nature, biocompatibility, low antigenicity and biodegradability. In addition, the high tensile strength and fibril-forming ability of collagen enable its fabrication into various forms, such as sheet/membrane, sponge, hydrogel, beads, nanofibre and nanoparticle, and as a coating material. The wide option of fabrication technology together with the excellent biological and physicochemical characteristics of collagen has stimulated the use of collagen scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications. This review describes the fabrication methods used to produce various forms of scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications.
组织工程专注于开发生物替代品，以恢复、维持或改善组织功能。其应用的三个主要组成部分是支架、细胞和生长刺激信号。由生物材料组成的支架主要作为体外细胞附着和增殖的结构支撑物。在转移到体内部位之前，它们还为细胞的分化提供物理、机械和生化线索。胶原蛋白在各种临床应用中被长期使用，包括药物输送。胶原蛋白在临床领域的广泛使用归因于其在自然界中的丰富性、生物相容性、低抗原性和可生物降解性。此外，胶原蛋白的高拉伸强度和原纤维形成能力使其能够制成各种形式，如片/膜、海绵、水凝胶、珠粒、纳米纤维和纳米粒子，以及作为涂层材料。广泛的制造技术选择以及胶原蛋白的优异的生物和物理化学特性，刺激了胶原蛋白支架在各种组织工程应用中的使用。本文综述了用于制造组织工程应用中各种形式支架的制造方法。
