Mohammadi Ali Akbar, Zarei Ahmad, Majidi Saba, Ghaderpoury Afshin, Hashempour Yalda, Saghi Mohammad Hossein, Alinejad Abdolazim, Yousefi Mahmood, Hosseingholizadeh Nasrin, Ghaderpoori Mansour
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
Department of Health, School of Public Health, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
MethodsX. 2019 Jul 19;6:1642-1651. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.017. eCollection 2019.
The continuous urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world and Iran has led to high levels of heavy metal contamination in the soil and then on the surface and groundwater. In this study, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals were determined in forty water samples along distribution drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. The ranges of heavy metals in this study were lower than EPA and WHO drinking water recommendations and guidelines and so were acceptable. The mean values of CDI of heavy metals concentrations in adults were found in the order of Zn > Ba > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > Mo. The health-risk estimation indicated that total hazard quotient (HQ + HQ) and hazard index values were below the acceptable limit, representing no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents via oral intake and dermal adsorption of water. Moreover, the results of total risk via ingestion and dermal contact showed that the ingestion was the predominant pathway. This study also presents that the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni were observed higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10). The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water. •The data analyzed in this study show a clear situation regarding the quality of drinking water in Khorramabad.•The results of this study can be used to improve and develop the quality of drinking water that directly affects the health of consumers.•The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water.
世界许多地区以及伊朗的持续城市化和工业化导致土壤中重金属污染严重，进而污染地表水和地下水。在本研究中，测定了伊朗霍拉马巴德饮用水分布沿线40个水样中8种重金属的浓度。本研究中重金属含量范围低于美国环境保护局（EPA）和世界卫生组织（WHO）的饮用水建议和准则，因此是可接受的。发现成年人重金属浓度的累积分布系数（CDI）平均值顺序为锌＞钡＞铅＞镍＞铬＞铜＞镉＞钼。健康风险评估表明，总危险商数（HQ + HQ）和危险指数值低于可接受限值，表明居民通过口服摄入和皮肤吸收水不会面临非致癌风险。此外，经口摄入和皮肤接触的总风险结果表明，经口摄入是主要途径。本研究还表明，铅、铬、镉和镍的致癌风险高于可接受限值（1×10）。本研究将对居民采取保护措施以及政府官员减少城市饮用水重金属污染大有帮助。•本研究分析的数据清楚地表明了霍拉马巴德饮用水的质量状况。•本研究结果可用于改善和提高直接影响消费者健康的饮用水质量。•本研究将对居民采取保护措施以及政府官员减少城市饮用水重金属污染大有帮助。
