Charton Elise, Bourgeois Alexandre, Bellanger Amandine, Le-Gouar Yann, Dahirel Patrice, Romé Véronique, Randuineau Gwenaelle, Cahu Armelle, Moughan Paul J, Montoya Carlos A, Blat Sophie, Dupont Didier, Deglaire Amélie, Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle
STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France.
Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 21;9:976042. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976042. eCollection 2022.
Early nutrition plays a dominant role in infant development and health. It is now understood that the infant diet impacts the gut microbiota and its relationship with gut function and brain development. However, its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis has not been studied in an integrative way. The objective here was to evaluate the effects of human milk (HM) or cow's milk based infant formula (IF) on the relationships between gut microbiota and the collective host intestinal-brain axis. Eighteen 10-day-old Yucatan mini-piglets were fed with HM or IF. Intestinal and fecal microbiota composition, intestinal phenotypic parameters, and the expression of genes involved in several gut and brain functions were determined. Unidimensional analyses were performed, followed by multifactorial analyses to evaluate the relationships among all the variables across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Compared to IF, HM decreased the α-diversity of colonic and fecal microbiota and modified their composition. Piglets fed HM had a significantly higher ileal and colonic paracellular permeability assessed by analysis, a lower expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins, and a higher expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune activity. In addition, the expression of genes involved in endocrine function, tryptophan metabolism and nutrient transport was modified mostly in the colon. These diet-induced intestinal modifications were associated with changes in the brain tissue expression of genes encoding the blood-brain barrier, endocrine function and short chain fatty acid receptors, mostly in hypothalamic and striatal areas. The integrative approach underlined specific groups of bacteria (Veillonellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Prevotellaceae) associated with changes in the gut-brain axis. There is a clear influence of the infant diet, even over a short dietary intervention period, on establishment of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
早期营养在婴儿发育和健康中起主导作用。现在人们认识到，婴儿饮食会影响肠道微生物群及其与肠道功能和大脑发育的关系。然而，其对微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的影响尚未得到综合研究。本文的目的是评估母乳（HM）或基于牛乳的婴儿配方奶粉（IF）对肠道微生物群与宿主肠道-大脑轴整体关系的影响。18只10日龄的尤卡坦小型仔猪分别喂食HM或IF。测定肠道和粪便微生物群组成、肠道表型参数以及参与多种肠道和大脑功能的基因表达。进行单因素分析，随后进行多因素分析，以评估微生物群-肠道-大脑轴上所有变量之间的关系。与IF相比，HM降低了结肠和粪便微生物群的α多样性并改变了其组成。喂食HM的仔猪通过分析评估的回肠和结肠细胞旁通透性显著更高，编码紧密连接蛋白的基因表达较低，编码促炎和抗炎免疫活性的基因表达较高。此外，参与内分泌功能、色氨酸代谢和营养物质转运的基因表达主要在结肠中发生改变。这些饮食诱导的肠道改变与编码血脑屏障、内分泌功能和短链脂肪酸受体的基因在脑组织中的表达变化有关，主要发生在下丘脑和纹状体区域。综合方法强调了与肠道-大脑轴变化相关的特定细菌群（韦荣氏菌科、肠杆菌科、毛螺菌科、理研菌科和普雷沃氏菌科）。即使在短时间的饮食干预期间，婴儿饮食对微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的建立也有明显影响。
