Liao Chengzhu, Li Yuchao, Tjong Sie Chin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Aug 1;9(8):1102. doi: 10.3390/nano9081102.
Aliphatic polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) copolymers have been widely used as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications including: bone fixation devices, bone scaffolds, and wound dressings in orthopedics. However, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters are prone to bacterial infections due to the lack of antibacterial moieties in their macromolecular chains. In this respect, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), graphene oxide (GO) sheets and AgNPs-GO hybrids can be used as reinforcing nanofillers for aliphatic polyesters in forming antimicrobial nanocomposites. However, polymeric matrix materials immobilize nanofillers to a large extent so that they cannot penetrate bacterial membrane into cytoplasm as in the case of colloidal nanoparticles or nanosheets. Accordingly, loaded GO sheets of aliphatic polyester nanocomposites have lost their antibacterial functions such as nanoknife cutting, blanket wrapping and membrane phospholipid extraction. In contrast, AgNPs fillers of polyester nanocomposites can release silver ions for destroying bacterial cells. Thus, AgNPs fillers are more effective than loaded GO sheets of polyester nanocomposiites in inhibiting bacterial infections. Aliphatic polyester nanocomposites with AgNPs and AgNPs-GO fillers are effective to kill multi-drug resistant bacteria that cause medical device-related infections.
脂肪族聚酯，如聚乳酸（PLA）、聚己内酯（PCL）和聚乳酸 - 乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA），已被广泛用作组织工程应用的生物材料，包括：骨科中的骨固定装置、骨支架和伤口敷料。然而，由于其大分子链中缺乏抗菌部分，可生物降解的脂肪族聚酯容易受到细菌感染。在这方面，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）、氧化石墨烯（GO）片材以及AgNPs - GO杂化物可作为脂肪族聚酯的增强纳米填料，用于形成抗菌纳米复合材料。然而，聚合物基体材料在很大程度上固定了纳米填料，使得它们无法像胶体纳米颗粒或纳米片那样穿透细菌膜进入细胞质。因此，脂肪族聚酯纳米复合材料中负载的GO片材已经失去了其抗菌功能，如纳米刀切割、毯式包裹和膜磷脂提取。相比之下，聚酯纳米复合材料中的AgNPs填料可以释放银离子来破坏细菌细胞。因此，在抑制细菌感染方面，AgNPs填料比聚酯纳米复合材料中负载的GO片材更有效。含有AgNPs和AgNPs - GO填料的脂肪族聚酯纳米复合材料对于杀死引起医疗器械相关感染的多重耐药细菌是有效的。
