Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 1;11(8):1771. doi: 10.3390/nu11081771.
The main aim of this study was to identify the dairy sources of energy and 44 nutrients in the average Polish diet. Our research included: carbohydrates, protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol, 18 amino acids, 9 minerals, and 10 vitamins. The analysis was conducted based on the data from the 2016 Household Budget Survey, a representative sample of the Polish population (i.e., 36,886 households). The category of milk and dairy products was divided into three main groups (i.e., milk, cheeses, and yoghurts, milk drinks and other dairy products) and seven sub-groups (i.e., whole milk, reduced fat milk, condensed and powdered milk, ripened and melted cheese, cottage cheese, yoghurts, milk drinks and other dairy products). Milk and dairy products provided 9.1% of the total energy supply. A high share (above 20%) in the supply of nutrients was noted in the case of calcium (54.7%), riboflavin (28.1%), vitamin B12 (26.1%), and phosphorus (24.6%). Supply at the level of 10-20% was observed for protein, SFA, zinc, total fat, cholesterol, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin A. Of the amino acids, the share above 20% from dairy category was recorded in the case of 6 amino acids (proline, tyrosine, serine, lysine, valine, and leucine) and at the level of 10-20% for 10 amino acids (isoleucine, histidine, threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and arginine).
本研究的主要目的是确定波兰饮食中常见的乳制品的能量和 44 种营养素来源。我们的研究包括：碳水化合物、蛋白质、总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、胆固醇、18 种氨基酸、9 种矿物质和 10 种维生素。该分析基于 2016 年家庭预算调查的数据进行，该调查是波兰人口的代表性样本（即 36886 户家庭）。乳制品类别分为三大类（即牛奶、奶酪和酸奶、牛奶饮料和其他乳制品）和七小类（即全脂牛奶、低脂牛奶、浓缩和奶粉、成熟和融化奶酪、乳清干酪、酸奶、牛奶饮料和其他乳制品）。牛奶和乳制品提供了总能量供应的 9.1%。在钙（54.7%）、核黄素（28.1%）、维生素 B12（26.1%）和磷（24.6%）的供应方面，其占比很高（超过 20%）。在蛋白质、SFA、锌、总脂肪、胆固醇、钾、镁和维生素 A 的供应方面，其占比在 10-20%之间。在氨基酸方面，来自乳制品类别的 6 种氨基酸（脯氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸）的比例超过 20%，而 10 种氨基酸（异亮氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸）的比例在 10-20%之间。
