Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Ann Epidemiol. 2019 Sep;37:43-50.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
Studies indicate breakfast cereals may reduce the risk of overweight, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, but a limited number of longitudinal studies have explored these relationships, indicating the need for further assessment.
We used 45 and Up Study data to examine the longitudinal association between breakfast cereals (and different categories of cereals) and heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Dietary consumption was assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire. Diagnosed heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were self-reported. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the longitudinal associations.
Of a total of 142,503 participants (aged 45 years and older), people in the older age group (aged 80 or older) had significantly higher breakfast cereal consumption (P < .001) than those in the younger age group (aged 45-64 years). A significantly inverse association was found between breakfast muesli and heart disease, stroke, and diabetes across all age groups. Associations between other categories of breakfast cereals (biscuit, bran, and oat cereals) and these three diseases differed by age groups. A positive association was found between oat cereals and diabetes for people in the younger age groups (aged 80 years and younger), but not for people in the older age group (aged 80 years and older).
The benefit of breakfast muesli consumption was highlighted in prevention of these three diseases. The result suggests that age-specific dietary guidelines, with a particular focus on the types of breakfast cereals consumption in prevention of chronic diseases for older people need to be developed.
研究表明早餐谷类食品可能降低超重、心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险，但为数不多的纵向研究探讨了这些关系，表明需要进一步评估。
我们使用了 45 岁以上研究的数据，来研究早餐谷类食品（和不同种类的谷类食品）与心脏病、中风和糖尿病之间的纵向关联。饮食摄入情况通过简短的食物频率问卷进行评估。心脏病、中风和糖尿病的诊断是自我报告的。使用广义估计方程模型来检验纵向关联。
在总共 142503 名参与者（年龄在 45 岁及以上）中，年龄较大组（80 岁及以上）的早餐谷类食品摄入量明显高于年龄较小组（45-64 岁）（P < 0.001）。在所有年龄组中，早餐麦麸与心脏病、中风和糖尿病之间存在显著的负相关关系。其他种类的早餐谷类食品（饼干、麸皮和燕麦片）与这三种疾病之间的关联因年龄组而异。燕麦片与年轻人（80 岁及以下）的糖尿病之间存在正相关关系，但与老年人（80 岁及以上）无关。
早餐麦麸消费对预防这三种疾病有好处。结果表明，需要制定针对特定年龄组的饮食指南，特别关注老年人预防慢性病的早餐谷类食品种类。
