School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 15;13(3):944. doi: 10.3390/nu13030944.
It is unknown whether a healthy diet or unhealthy diet combined with specific supplements may jointly contribute to incidence of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We included 69,990 participants from the 45 and Up Study who completed both baseline (2006-2009) and follow-up (2012-2015) surveys. We found that compared to participants with a long-term healthy diet and no supplement consumption, those with a long-term healthy diet combined with multivitamins and minerals (MVM) or fish oil consumption were associated with a lower incidence of CVD ( < 0.001); whilst those with an unhealthy diet and no MVM or fish oil consumption were associated with a higher risk of obesity ( < 0.05). Compared to participants with a long-term healthy diet and no calcium consumption, the combination of a long-term healthy diet and calcium consumption was linked to a lower risk of CVD (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78; 0.96). In conclusion, a long-term healthy diet combined with MVM or fish oil was associated with a lower incidence of CVD. Participants who maintained a healthy diet and used calcium supplements were associated with a lower incidence of obesity. However, these associations were not found among those with an unhealthy diet, despite taking similar supplements.
目前尚不清楚健康饮食或不健康饮食与特定补充剂的结合是否会共同导致肥胖和心血管疾病（CVD）的发生。我们纳入了 45 岁及以上研究中的 69990 名参与者，他们完成了基线（2006-2009 年）和随访（2012-2015 年）调查。我们发现，与长期健康饮食且不补充任何营养剂的参与者相比，长期健康饮食且同时补充多种维生素和矿物质（MVM）或鱼油的参与者 CVD 发生率较低（<0.001）；而长期不健康饮食且不补充 MVM 或鱼油的参与者肥胖风险较高（<0.05）。与长期健康饮食且不补充钙的参与者相比，长期健康饮食且同时补充钙的参与者 CVD 风险较低（IRR=0.87，95%CI：0.78；0.96）。总之，长期健康饮食与 MVM 或鱼油结合可降低 CVD 的发生率。保持健康饮食并使用钙补充剂的参与者肥胖的发生率较低。然而，在饮食不健康的参与者中，尽管补充了类似的营养剂，但未发现这些关联。
