Mohamed Hatem, Haris Parvez I, Brima Eid I
1Faculty of Health and Life Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK.
2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia.
BMC Chem. 2019 May 27;13(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13065-019-0588-5. eCollection 2019 Dec.
The estimated dietary intake EDI) of essential elements selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) has not been previously investigated for Najran city, Saudi Arabia. This type of information can be valuable for protecting public health. The aim of this study was to estimate the EDI of these elements. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was completed by the study participants (n = 80) to obtain dietary intake of selected staple foods (rice, wheat, meat and chicken). The concentrations of Se, Zn, Mn and Cu in these staple foods were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ranges of concentrations (mg/kg, wet weight) were as follows: Se (0.07-0.24), Zn (3.91-20.89), Mn (0.63-14.69) and Cu (0.69-2.41). The calculated ranges of EDIs (mg/kg bw/day) for the essential elements were as follows: Se 9.55 × 10-5.75 × 10, Zn 1.33 × 10-5.83 × 10, Mn 1.49 × 10-3.31 × 10, Cu 1.65 × 10-5.42 × 10. The highest EDI for Cu and Mn came from wheat. In the case of Se and Zn, the foods that contributed the highest EDI were chicken and meat, respectively. The lowest EDIs were found for Se in wheat, Zn in rice and both Mn and Cu in chicken. The percentages (%) of provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for Se, Zn, Mn and Cu were 13%, 11%, 14% and 3.4%, respectively when contributions from all the four classes of foods were combined. The percentage of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) derived from these foods were 80%, 20%, 17% and 5.6% for Se, Zn, Mn and Cu were, respectively. This raises the possibility of Cu deficiency in the Najran population. However, a total diet study and human biomonitoring study is needed in the future to fully assess if people in Najran city are at risk of deficiency or excessive exposure to trace elements.
此前尚未对沙特阿拉伯奈季兰市必需元素硒（Se）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）和铜（Cu）的估计膳食摄入量（EDI）进行过调查。这类信息对于保护公众健康可能很有价值。本研究的目的是估计这些元素的EDI。研究参与者（n = 80）完成了一份食物频率问卷（FFQ），以获取选定主食（大米、小麦、肉类和鸡肉）的膳食摄入量。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了这些主食中Se、Zn、Mn和Cu的浓度。浓度范围（mg/kg，湿重）如下：Se（0.07 - 0.24）、Zn（3.91 - 20.89）、Mn（0.63 - 14.69）和Cu（0.69 - 2.41）。必需元素的计算EDI范围（mg/kg bw/天）如下：Se 9.55×10 - 5.75×10、Zn 1.33×10 - 5.83×10、Mn 1.49×10 - 3.31×10、Cu 1.65×10 - 5.42×10。Cu和Mn的最高EDI来自小麦。就Se和Zn而言，贡献最高EDI的食物分别是鸡肉和肉类。小麦中的Se、大米中的Zn以及鸡肉中的Mn和Cu的EDI最低。当将所有四类食物的贡献合并时，Se、Zn、Mn和Cu的暂定每日最大耐受摄入量（PMTDI）百分比分别为13%、11%、14%和3.4%。这些食物中Se、Zn、Mn和Cu的推荐每日摄入量（RDA）百分比分别为80%、20%、17%和5.6%。这增加了奈季兰人群中Cu缺乏的可能性。然而，未来需要进行全面饮食研究和人体生物监测研究，以充分评估奈季兰市居民是否存在微量元素缺乏或过量暴露的风险。
