Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy.
Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2019 Aug 5;17(8):459. doi: 10.3390/md17080459.
Enzymes are essential components of biological reactions and play important roles in the scaling and optimization of many industrial processes. Due to the growing commercial demand for new and more efficient enzymes to help further optimize these processes, many studies are now focusing their attention on more renewable and environmentally sustainable sources for the production of these enzymes. Microalgae are very promising from this perspective since they can be cultivated in photobioreactors, allowing the production of high biomass levels in a cost-efficient manner. This is reflected in the increased number of publications in this area, especially in the use of microalgae as a source of novel enzymes. In particular, various microalgal enzymes with different industrial applications (e.g., lipids and biofuel production, healthcare, and bioremediation) have been studied to date, and the modification of enzymatic sequences involved in lipid and carotenoid production has resulted in promising results. However, the entire biosynthetic pathways/systems leading to synthesis of potentially important bioactive compounds have in many cases yet to be fully characterized (e.g., for the synthesis of polyketides). Nonetheless, with recent advances in microalgal genomics and transcriptomic approaches, it is becoming easier to identify sequences encoding targeted enzymes, increasing the likelihood of the identification, heterologous expression, and characterization of these enzymes of interest. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in marine and freshwater microalgal enzymes with potential biotechnological applications and provides future perspectives for this field.
酶是生物反应的重要组成部分，在许多工业过程的规模化和优化中发挥着重要作用。由于对新的、更高效的酶的商业需求不断增长，以帮助进一步优化这些过程，许多研究现在将注意力集中在更可再生和环境可持续的来源上，以生产这些酶。从这个角度来看，微藻非常有前途，因为它们可以在光生物反应器中培养，以经济高效的方式生产高生物质水平。这反映在该领域出版物数量的增加上，特别是在将微藻用作新型酶源方面。特别是，迄今为止已经研究了各种具有不同工业应用（例如，脂质和生物燃料生产、医疗保健和生物修复）的微藻酶，并且参与脂质和类胡萝卜素生产的酶序列的修饰已经产生了有希望的结果。然而，在许多情况下，导致潜在重要生物活性化合物合成的整个生物合成途径/系统尚未完全表征（例如，用于聚酮合成）。尽管如此，随着微藻基因组学和转录组学方法的最新进展，越来越容易识别编码靶向酶的序列，从而增加了鉴定、异源表达和表征这些感兴趣的酶的可能性。本文综述了具有潜在生物技术应用的海洋和淡水微藻酶的最新进展，并为该领域提供了未来的展望。
