Griffith University, School of Dentistry, Gold Coast, Australia.
The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Methods. 2020 Jan 15;171:28-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.08.002. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Decellularised tissues and organs have been successfully used in a variety of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications. Because of the complexity of each tissue (size, porosity, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition etc.), there is no standardised protocol and the decellularisation methods vary widely, thus leading to heterogeneous outcomes. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods have been developed and optimised for each specific application and this review describes the most common strategies utilised to achieve decellularisation of soft and hard tissues. While removal of the DNA is the primary goal of decellularisation, it is generally achieved at the expense of ECM preservation due to the harsh chemical or enzymatic processing conditions. As denaturation of the native ECM has been associated with undesired host responses, decellularisation conditions aimed at effectively achieving simultaneous DNA removal and minimal ECM damage will be highlighted. Additionally, the utilisation of decellularised matrices in regenerative medicine is explored, as are the most recent strategies implemented to circumvent challenges in this field. In summary, this review focusses on the latest advancements and future perspectives in the utilisation of natural ECM for the decoration of synthetic porous scaffolds.
脱细胞组织和器官已成功应用于多种组织工程/再生医学应用中。由于每种组织的复杂性（大小、孔隙率、细胞外基质 (ECM) 组成等），因此没有标准化的方案，脱细胞方法差异很大，从而导致结果不一致。已经为每个特定的应用开发和优化了物理、化学和酶方法，本综述描述了用于实现软、硬组织脱细胞的最常见策略。虽然去除 DNA 是脱细胞的主要目标，但由于苛刻的化学或酶处理条件，通常是以牺牲 ECM 保存为代价来实现的。由于天然 ECM 的变性与宿主的不良反应有关，因此将重点介绍旨在有效实现 DNA 去除和最小 ECM 损伤的脱细胞条件。此外，还探讨了脱细胞基质在再生医学中的应用，以及为克服该领域的挑战而实施的最新策略。总之，本综述重点介绍了利用天然 ECM 修饰合成多孔支架的最新进展和未来展望。
