Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 8;16(16):2824. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162824.
The main research objective of this study was seeking the predictive role of general self-esteem and the body image in social competences among women and their biological daughters. As it stands, there is a lack of research showing the mothers and their adult daughters at the same time in the context of measuring the same psychological variables, i.e., general self-esteem, self-assessment of the body and specific social competences in the scope of behaviour in intimate situations, situations requiring social exposure and assertiveness. The study group comprised 102 individuals; 51 pairs of mothers (40-64 years old, M = 51.33) and their biological daughters (19-25 years old, M = 22.49). The following instruments were used: The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, the Social Competence Scale, categorized interview (to measure BMI and collect data describing the criteria for selection to the research group). The significance of the differences and the stepwise regression analysis were performed. The results of the study demonstrated the following to be significant predictors of social competences in subjects: General self-esteem B = 0.615, discrepancy real-obligatory body image B = 0.275 among daughters, and physical condition B = 0.362 in mothers. The general self-esteem of daughters positively influences all verified types of their social competences (competences in intimate situations, in case of social exposure and ability to be assertive). However, it is the significant predictor only for mothers' competences in dealing with situations of social exposure. Discrepancy real-obligatory body image: Seems to be the predictor of daughters' social competences conditioning effectiveness in situations requiring assertiveness. The physical condition among mothers seems to be especially important for their assertiveness and effectiveness in intimate situations. The conflict between the real and the ideal body image is also an important aspect in predicting the assertiveness in the group of mothers. The study results can prove to be helpful in creating preventive and educational programs focused on self-esteem and social competencies in women, including the context of the relation between mothers and their daughters.
本研究的主要研究目的是探讨一般自尊和身体意象对女性及其亲生女儿社会能力的预测作用。目前，缺乏同时研究母亲及其成年女儿在测量相同心理变量（即一般自尊、身体自我评估以及在亲密情境、需要社交暴露和自信的情境中的特定社交能力）时的研究。研究组包括 102 人；51 对母亲（40-64 岁，M=51.33）和亲生女儿（19-25 岁，M=22.49）。使用的工具包括：罗森伯格自尊量表、轮廓图评分量表、身体自尊量表、社会能力量表、分类访谈（测量 BMI 并收集描述选择研究组标准的数据）。进行了差异的显著性检验和逐步回归分析。研究结果表明，以下因素是受试者社会能力的显著预测因素：女儿的一般自尊 B=0.615，真实-义务身体意象差异 B=0.275，母亲的身体状况 B=0.362。女儿的一般自尊对所有经证实的社会能力类型（亲密情境中的能力、社交暴露情境中的能力和自信能力）都有积极影响。然而，它只是母亲在处理社交暴露情境中的能力的显著预测因素。真实-义务身体意象差异：似乎是预测女儿在需要自信的情境中社会能力有效性的因素。母亲的身体状况对于她们在亲密情境中的自信和有效性尤为重要。现实和理想身体意象之间的冲突也是预测母亲群体自信能力的一个重要方面。研究结果可有助于制定针对女性自尊和社会能力的预防和教育计划，包括母亲与其女儿关系的背景。
