Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Kidney Int. 2019 Oct;96(4):871-882. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.040. Epub 2019 May 25.
There are 3 reasons to generate a new human kidney. The first is to learn more about the biology of the developing and mature organ. The second is to generate tissues with which to model congenital and acquired kidney diseases. In particular, growing human kidneys in this manner ultimately should help us understand the mechanisms of common chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and others featuring fibrosis, as well as nephrotoxicity. The third reason is to provide functional kidney tissues that can be used directly in regenerative medicine therapies. The second and third reasons to grow new human kidneys are especially compelling given the millions of persons worldwide whose lives depend on a functioning kidney transplant or long-term dialysis, as well as those with end-stage renal disease who die prematurely because they are unable to access these treatments. As shown in this review, the aim to create healthy human kidney tissues has been partially realized. Moreover, the technology shows promise in terms of modeling genetic disease. In contrast, barely the first steps have been taken toward modeling nongenetic chronic kidney diseases or using newly grown human kidney tissue for regenerative medicine therapies.
生成新人类肾脏有 3 个原因。第一个原因是为了更深入地了解发育中和成熟器官的生物学特性。第二个原因是为了生成组织，从而构建先天性和获得性肾脏疾病模型。特别地，通过这种方式生长的人类肾脏最终应该有助于我们理解常见慢性肾脏疾病（如糖尿病肾病和其他纤维化疾病）以及肾毒性的机制。第三个原因是提供可直接用于再生医学治疗的功能性肾脏组织。鉴于全世界有数百万人的生命依赖于功能正常的肾脏移植或长期透析，以及那些因无法获得这些治疗而过早死亡的终末期肾病患者，因此生成新人类肾脏的第二和第三个原因尤其具有吸引力。正如这篇综述所展示的，创造健康的人类肾脏组织的目标已经部分实现。此外，该技术在构建遗传疾病模型方面具有很大的潜力。相比之下，对于构建非遗传慢性肾脏疾病模型，或者对于使用新生长的人类肾脏组织进行再生医学治疗，仅仅迈出了第一步。
