Amponsem-Boateng Cecilia, Zhang Weidong, Oppong Timothy Bonney, Opolot Godfrey, Kumi Duodu Kyere Emmanuel
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019 Jul 24;12:1173-1180. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S213552. eCollection 2019.
Hypertension is among the first five causes of mortality, globally contributing more than 40% to cardiac related deaths worldwide, with almost 70% cardiovascular deaths in the low- and middle-income countries. Its burden is projected to be 150 million by 2025 based on epidemiological data within the Sub-Saharan Africa regions, with Ghana experiencing 505,180 increases in 2007. It is currently among the leading cause of death in the country, with prevalence ranging from 19% to 48%. There is limited data concerning hypertension on Ghanaian youth. Particularly, on those at the Senior High School (SHS) level that represents the immediate workforce of the country on the depth of prevalence, knowledge as well as the risk factors that may predispose them into having prehypertension and hypertension for proper records and interventional measures and that is what this study pursues to do.
A cross-sectional study was employed in five different SHSs in the Ashanti region of Ghana from December 2018 to February 2019 with structured questionnaires and physical screening of participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for relation knowledge and riskfactors on HTN.
The overall prevalence of pre-HTN within the group was 33.8%, with stages 1 and 2 HTN prevalence of 5.4%. Sixty-three percent do not have an idea of what HTN is, and positive associations were found between no physical exercises, no addition of extra salt, type of food often eaten and family history.
This study establishes prevalence in pre-HTN within students at the SHS level with low knowledge and high risk factors on the disease. This indication is beneficial to target the interventional programs on this population at this early stage by inculcating education on HTN prevalence and its risks in the educational curricular by the government.
高血压是全球五大死因之一，在全球心脏相关死亡中占比超过40%，在低收入和中等收入国家，近70%的心血管死亡与之相关。根据撒哈拉以南非洲地区的流行病学数据，预计到2025年，其负担将达到1.5亿，加纳在2007年增加了505,180例。目前，它是该国主要死因之一，患病率在19%至48%之间。关于加纳青年高血压的数据有限。特别是在高中阶段的学生中，对于患病率、知识以及可能使他们易患高血压前期和高血压的风险因素缺乏深入了解，以便进行适当记录和采取干预措施，而本研究正是致力于此。
2018年12月至2019年2月，在加纳阿散蒂地区的五所不同高中开展了一项横断面研究，采用结构化问卷并对参与者进行身体检查。进行逻辑回归分析以检验高血压相关知识和风险因素之间的关系。
该组高血压前期的总体患病率为33.8%，1期和2期高血压患病率为5.4%。63%的人不知道什么是高血压，并且发现不进行体育锻炼、不额外加盐、经常食用的食物类型和家族史之间存在正相关。
本研究确定了高中阶段学生中高血压前期的患病率，他们对该疾病的了解较少且风险因素较高。这一结果有助于政府在教育课程中灌输有关高血压患病率及其风险的教育，从而在早期阶段针对这一人群开展干预项目。
