Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy; Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Sport Science, Göteborg University and Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Göteborg, Sweden.
Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;50(6):356-61. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095786. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the blood pressure (BP) of individuals with hypertension. The present review analysed the scientific evidence for the BP lowering effect of aerobic PA in 27 randomised controlled studies on individuals with hypertension, and shows that regular medium-to-high-intensity aerobic activity reduces the BP by a mean of 11/5 mm Hg (level of evidence, 3+). In addition, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on isometric (static) activity showed a BP reduction of similar magnitude in hypertensives; dynamic resistance training may show less effect, as shown in five available RCTs (level of evidence 2+). As both the prevalence of hypertension and physical inactivity are high and increasing in today's society, PA has a great role to play as a single (when indicated) or additive treatment for hypertension. Furthermore, as competitive athletes are getting older, it can be expected that more athletes at different competitive levels will have hypertension. Certain considerations must be applied regarding evaluation and treatment of hypertension in athletes. Eligibility for competitive sports may be affected if target organ damage (TOD) is present; however, an athlete with well-controlled BP, having no additional risk factors or TOD, is eligible for all sports.
定期进行身体活动（PA）可降低高血压患者的血压（BP）。本综述分析了 27 项针对高血压患者的随机对照研究中有氧运动对降低血压的科学证据，结果表明，有规律的中高强度有氧运动可使血压平均降低 11/5mmHg（证据水平为 3+）。此外，3 项针对等长（静态）活动的随机对照试验（RCT）显示，高血压患者的血压也有类似程度的降低；五项现有 RCT 表明，动态抗阻训练的效果可能较小（证据水平为 2+）。由于当今社会高血压和身体活动不足的患病率都很高且呈上升趋势，PA 作为高血压的单一（有指征时）或附加治疗手段具有重要作用。此外，随着竞技运动员年龄的增长，可以预期不同竞技水平的运动员中会有更多的人患有高血压。在评估和治疗运动员的高血压时必须考虑某些因素。如果存在靶器官损害（TOD），则可能会影响运动员的竞技资格；然而，血压得到良好控制、无其他危险因素或 TOD 的运动员有资格参加所有运动。
