Bakker J W, Loy D E, Takken W, Hahn B H, Verhulst N O
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
Med Vet Entomol. 2020 Mar;34(1):17-26. doi: 10.1111/mve.12402. Epub 2019 Aug 17.
Vector-borne diseases often originate from wildlife and can spill over into the human population. One of the most important determinants of vector-borne disease transmission is the host preference of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes with a specialised host preference are guided by body odours to find their hosts in addition to carbon dioxide. Little is known about the role of mosquito host preference in the spillover of pathogenic agents from humans towards animals and vice versa. In the Republic of Congo, the attraction of mosquitoes to primate host odours was determined, as well as their possible role as malaria vectors, using odour-baited traps mimicking the potential hosts of mosquitoes. Most of the mosquito species caught showed a generalistic host preference. Anopheles obscurus was the most abundant Anopheles mosquito, with a generalistic host preference observed from the olfactory response and the detection of various Plasmodium parasites. Interestingly, Culex decens showed a much higher attraction towards chimpanzee odours than to human or cow odours. Human Plasmodium parasites were observed in both human and chimpanzee blood, although not in the Anopheles mosquitoes that were collected. Understanding the role of mosquito host preference for cross-species parasite transmission provides information that will help to determine the risk of spillover of vector-borne diseases.
媒介传播疾病通常起源于野生动物，并可能传播给人类。媒介传播疾病传播的最重要决定因素之一是蚊子的宿主偏好。除了二氧化碳外，具有特定宿主偏好的蚊子还通过体味来寻找宿主。关于蚊子宿主偏好在病原体从人类向动物传播以及反之亦然的溢出过程中的作用，人们了解甚少。在刚果共和国，使用模仿蚊子潜在宿主的气味诱捕器，确定了蚊子对灵长类宿主气味的吸引力及其作为疟疾媒介的可能作用。捕获的大多数蚊子种类表现出普遍的宿主偏好。暗按蚊是最常见的按蚊，从嗅觉反应和各种疟原虫的检测中观察到其具有普遍的宿主偏好。有趣的是，致倦库蚊对黑猩猩气味的吸引力比对人类或牛气味的吸引力要高得多。在人类和黑猩猩的血液中都观察到了人类疟原虫，但在采集的按蚊中未观察到。了解蚊子宿主偏好在跨物种寄生虫传播中的作用，可为确定媒介传播疾病的溢出风险提供信息。
