三氯乙烯及相关药物对前庭系统的影响。

The influence of trichloroethylene and related drugs on the vestibular system.

作者信息

Tham R, Larsby B, Odkvist L M, Norlander B, Hydén D, Aschan G, Bertler A

出版信息

Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1979 May;44(5):336-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1979.tb02340.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1979.tb02340.x

Abstract

A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents on the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to trichloroethylene. Estimation of trichloroethylene and its metabolites in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was performed by gas chromatography. Vestibular function was studied by recording nystagmus, induced by positional changes or accelerated rotation. At blood levels of trichloroethylene above 30 p.p.m. "positional nystagmus" develops. Two metabolites of trichloroethylene, chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol, which are known as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, did not induce this abnormal nystagmus. However, alpha-chloralose, a derivative of chloral hydrate, induced positional nystagmus and also a markedly exaggerated nystagmus developed during rotatory acceleration. It is suggested that solvents like trichloroethylene elicit vestibular disturbances by stimulation of central subcortical vestibulo-oculomotor connections. The stimulation may be caused by a blockage of inhibitory systems.

摘要

一种先前描述的用于研究工业溶剂对家兔前庭系统影响的实验模型已应用于三氯乙烯。通过气相色谱法对血液和脑脊液中的三氯乙烯及其代谢产物进行了测定。通过记录由体位变化或加速旋转诱发的眼球震颤来研究前庭功能。当血液中三氯乙烯水平高于百万分之30时，会出现“体位性眼球震颤”。三氯乙烯的两种代谢产物，水合氯醛和三氯乙醇，已知是中枢神经系统（CNS）抑制剂，不会诱发这种异常眼球震颤。然而，水合氯醛的衍生物α-氯醛糖诱发了体位性眼球震颤，并且在旋转加速过程中还出现了明显夸张的眼球震颤。有人提出，像三氯乙烯这样的溶剂通过刺激中枢皮层下前庭眼动连接引起前庭障碍。这种刺激可能是由抑制系统的阻断引起的。