Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Enology, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 18;20(16):4030. doi: 10.3390/ijms20164030.
Oliver is widely distributed in China. This species has been used mainly in medicine due to the high concentration of chlorogenic acid (CGA), flavonoids, lignans, and other compounds in the leaves and barks. However, the categories of metabolites, dynamic changes in metabolite accumulation and overall molecular mechanisms involved in metabolite biosynthesis during leaf growth and development remain unknown. Here, a total of 515 analytes, including 127 flavonoids, 46 organic acids, 44 amino acid derivatives, 9 phenolamides, and 16 vitamins, were identified from four samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) (for widely targeted metabolites). The accumulation of most flavonoids peaked in growing leaves, followed by old leaves. UPLC-MS analysis indicated that CGA accumulation increased steadily to a high concentration during leaf growth and development, and rutin showed a high accumulation level in leaf buds and growing leaves. Based on single-molecule long-read sequencing technology, 69,020 transcripts and 2880 novel loci were identified in . Expression analysis indicated that isoforms in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and flavonoid metabolic pathway were highly expressed in growing leaves and old leaves. Co-expression network analysis suggested a potential direct link between the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways via the regulation of transcription factors, including MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) and bHLH (basic/helix-loop-helix). Our study predicts dynamic metabolic models during leaf growth and development and will support further molecular biological studies of metabolite biosynthesis in In addition, our results significantly improve the annotation of the genome.
在中国广泛分布着 Oliver。由于其叶子和树皮中含有高浓度的绿原酸（CGA）、类黄酮、木脂素和其他化合物，该物种主要被应用于医学领域。然而，叶生长和发育过程中代谢物的种类、代谢物积累的动态变化以及涉及代谢物生物合成的整体分子机制仍不清楚。在这里，使用超高效液相色谱-质谱法（UPLC-MS）（用于广泛靶向代谢物）从四个样本中总共鉴定出 515 种分析物，包括 127 种类黄酮、46 种有机酸、44 种氨基酸衍生物、9 种酚酰胺和 16 种维生素。大多数类黄酮的积累在生长叶中达到峰值，其次是老叶。UPLC-MS 分析表明，CGA 的积累在叶生长和发育过程中稳定增加到高浓度，而芦丁在芽和生长叶中表现出高积累水平。基于单分子长读测序技术，在 中鉴定出 69020 个转录本和 2880 个新基因座。表达分析表明，类黄酮生物合成途径和类黄酮代谢途径中的同工型在生长叶和老叶中高度表达。共表达网络分析表明，通过转录因子（包括 MYB（v-myb 禽成髓细胞瘤病毒致癌基因同源物）和 bHLH（碱性/螺旋-环-螺旋））的调节，类黄酮和苯丙烷生物合成途径之间可能存在直接联系。我们的研究预测了叶生长和发育过程中的动态代谢模型，并将支持对 中代谢物生物合成的进一步分子生物学研究。此外，我们的结果显著提高了 基因组的注释。
