Pratama Rahadian, Schneider Dominik, Böer Tim, Daniel Rolf
Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Jul 25;10:1646. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01646. eCollection 2019.
The Eurasian or European beaver () is the second-largest living rodent after the capybara. It is a semi-aquatic animal known for building dams and lodges. They strictly feed on lignocellulose-rich plants and correspondingly harbor cellulolytic microbial communities in their digestive tract. In this study, the bacterial community composition, diversity, and functional profile of different gut compartments ranging from stomach to colon have been explored. A total of 277 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at species level were obtained from the gut systems of two males (juvenile and subadult) and one subadult female beaver. In general, cecum and colon are dominated by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. High abundance of Bacteroidetes was observed only in male juvenile beaver cecum and colon, suggesting that the bacterial composition changes with age. Within the cecum and colon, members of known cellulase-producing bacterial taxa including the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae 1 were detected. The presence of putative genes encoding cellulolytic and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes indicated also the degradation of recalcitrant plant material in both gut compartments. The bacterial community in the gut systems of the Eurasian beaver differed from that of the North American beaver. Higher abundance of Actinobacteria and lower abundances of Bacteroidetes were recorded in the Eurasian beaver. Similar differences were obtained to bacterial communities of termites and herbivorous animals such as bovine. The data presented in this study provides the first insight into bacterial communities in the gut system of the Eurasian beaver.
欧亚河狸（）是现存第二大啮齿动物，仅次于水豚。它是一种半水生动物，以建造水坝和巢穴而闻名。它们严格以富含木质纤维素的植物为食，相应地在消化道中栖息着纤维素分解微生物群落。在本研究中，探索了从胃到结肠不同肠道区域的细菌群落组成、多样性和功能概况。从两只雄性（幼年和亚成年）和一只亚成年雌性河狸的肠道系统中，共获得了277个物种水平的细菌操作分类单元（OTU）。一般来说，盲肠和结肠以厚壁菌门和放线菌门为主。仅在雄性幼年河狸的盲肠和结肠中观察到高丰度的拟杆菌门，这表明细菌组成随年龄变化。在盲肠和结肠内，检测到了已知的产生纤维素酶的细菌类群成员，包括瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科和梭菌科1。编码纤维素分解酶和碳水化合物降解酶的推定基因的存在也表明了这两个肠道区域中难降解植物材料的降解。欧亚河狸肠道系统中的细菌群落与北美河狸不同。在欧亚河狸中记录到较高丰度的放线菌门和较低丰度的拟杆菌门。在白蚁和食草动物（如牛）的细菌群落中也获得了类似的差异。本研究提供的数据首次揭示了欧亚河狸肠道系统中的细菌群落。
