Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Immunity. 2019 Aug 20;51(2):214-224. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.003.
In ecological terms, the microbiome is defined as the microbiota and its environment, a definition that encompasses the human host. The size, species composition, and biogeography of microbial communities is shaped by host interactions, and, in turn, the microbiota influences many aspects of human health. Here we discuss the concept of microbiota-nourishing immunity, a host-microbe chimera composed of the microbiota and host factors that shape the microbial ecosystem, which functions in conferring colonization resistance against pathogens. We propose that dysbiosis is a biomarker of a weakening in microbiota-nourishing immunity and that homeostasis can be defined as a state of immune competence. Microbiota-nourishing immunity thus provides a conceptual framework to further examine the mechanisms that preserve a healthy microbiome and the drivers and consequences of dysbiosis.
从生态学角度来看，微生物组被定义为微生物群落及其环境，这个定义包含了人类宿主。微生物群落的大小、物种组成和生物地理学分布受到宿主相互作用的影响，而微生物群落反过来又影响人类健康的许多方面。在这里，我们讨论了微生物群落滋养免疫的概念，这是一种由微生物群落和宿主因素组成的宿主-微生物嵌合体，这些因素塑造了微生物生态系统，其功能是赋予宿主对病原体的定植抵抗能力。我们提出，菌群失调是微生物群落滋养免疫减弱的标志，而体内平衡可以定义为免疫能力的状态。因此，微生物群落滋养免疫为进一步研究维持健康微生物组的机制以及菌群失调的驱动因素和后果提供了一个概念框架。
