Technical University of Munich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Professorship of Sport Equipment and Materials, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Aug 21;19(17):3641. doi: 10.3390/s19173641.
Heart rate measurement has become one of the most widely used methods of monitoring the intensity of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether in-ear photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse rate (PR) measurement devices represent a valid alternative to heart rate derived from electrocardiography (ECG), which is considered a gold standard. Twenty subjects (6 women, 14 men) completed one trial of graded cycling under laboratory conditions. In the trial, PR was recorded by two commercially available in-ear devices, the Dash Pro and the Cosinuss°One. They were compared to HR measured by a Bodyguard2 ECG. Validity of the in-ear PR measurement devices was tested by ANOVA, mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. Both devices achieved a MAPE ≤5%. Despite excellent to good levels of agreement, Bland-Altman plots showed that both in-ear devices tend to slightly underestimate the ECG's HR values. It may be concluded that in-ear PPG PR measurement is a promising technique that shows accurate but imprecise results under controlled conditions. However, PPG PR measurement in the ear is sensitive to motion artefacts. Thus, accuracy and precision of the measured PR depend highly on measurement site, stress situation, and exercise.
心率测量已成为监测身体活动强度最广泛使用的方法之一。本研究旨在评估耳内光体积描记（PPG）脉搏率（PR）测量设备是否可以替代被认为是金标准的心电图（ECG）得出的心率。20 名受试者（6 名女性，14 名男性）在实验室条件下完成了一次递增循环试验。在试验中，通过两种市售的耳内设备，Dash Pro 和 Cosinuss°One 记录 PR。将其与 Bodyguard2 ECG 测量的 HR 进行比较。通过 ANOVA、平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）、组内相关系数（ICC）和 Bland-Altman 图测试耳内 PR 测量设备的有效性。两种设备的 MAPE 均≤5%。尽管具有良好到极好的一致性，但 Bland-Altman 图显示两种耳内设备都倾向于略微低估 ECG 的 HR 值。可以得出结论，耳内 PPG PR 测量是一种有前途的技术，在受控条件下显示准确但不精确的结果。然而，耳内 PPG PR 测量对运动伪影敏感。因此，测量的 PR 的准确性和精密度高度取决于测量部位、应激情况和运动。
