Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Lifestyle and Rehabilitation in Long-term Illness, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Int J Behav Med. 2019 Oct;26(5):499-511. doi: 10.1007/s12529-019-09809-z.
Exercising during oncological treatment is beneficial but challenging for persons with cancer and may require strategies to increase motivation. Behaviour change support, including specific behaviour change techniques (BCTs), have been used to facilitate exercise in persons undergoing oncological treatment, but more detailed knowledge from an individual perspective is needed to inform clinical practice. The aims were to explore the motivational experiences of exercise combined with behaviour change support, and to describe how specific BCTs were valued among persons exercising during oncological treatment.
A mixed-methods study was conducted using semi-structured interviews (n = 18) and a questionnaire (n = 229). Participants with breast, colorectal or prostate cancer who completed or dropped out of a six-month exercise programme during oncological treatment were included. The interviews were analysed with thematic analysis and the questionnaire with descriptive statistics (median and interquartile range).
The participants underwent a motivational process through the exercise programme. By experiencing 'Health gains and mastery', 'Learning', 'Affinity', 'Commitment', and 'Managing challenges', they found incentives that fostered feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness, leading to an increased motivation to exercise. Social support from coaches, structuring the physical environment with scheduled sessions, self-monitoring with resistance training log, and feedback based on heart rate monitor and fitness tests were the most valued BCTs.
The results indicate the importance of finding incentives and creating an environment that fosters autonomy, competence and relatedness to motivate persons to exercise during oncological treatment. Some BCTs appear particularly useful and may be used by health professionals to increase patients' motivation to exercise.
在肿瘤治疗期间进行锻炼对癌症患者有益，但具有挑战性，可能需要采取策略来提高锻炼动机。行为改变支持，包括特定的行为改变技术（BCT），已被用于促进接受肿瘤治疗的人的锻炼，但从个人角度更详细地了解这些信息对于指导临床实践是必要的。本研究旨在探讨将锻炼与行为改变支持相结合的动机体验，并描述在肿瘤治疗期间进行锻炼的人群如何重视特定的 BCT。
采用混合方法研究，包括半结构式访谈（n=18）和问卷调查（n=229）。参与者为接受乳腺癌、结直肠癌或前列腺癌治疗并完成或退出为期 6 个月的锻炼计划的患者。访谈采用主题分析进行分析，问卷采用描述性统计（中位数和四分位距）进行分析。
参与者通过锻炼计划经历了一个动机过程。通过体验“健康收益和掌控感”、“学习”、“亲和力”、“承诺”和“应对挑战”，他们找到了激励因素，这些因素培养了自主感、能力感和归属感，从而提高了锻炼的动力。教练的社会支持、通过定期课程来组织物理环境、使用抗阻训练日志进行自我监测、以及基于心率监测器和体能测试的反馈是最有价值的 BCT。
结果表明，找到激励因素和创造一个促进自主感、能力感和归属感的环境对于激励癌症患者在肿瘤治疗期间进行锻炼非常重要。一些 BCT 似乎特别有用，健康专业人员可以使用这些 BCT 来提高患者锻炼的动力。
