Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Eur Urol. 2019 Nov;76(5):546-559. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.07.040. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
It is increasingly evident that non-protein-coding regions of the genome can give rise to transcripts that form functional layers of the cancer genome. One of most abundant classes in these regions is long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). They have gained increasing attention in prostate cancer (PCa) and paved the way for a greater understanding of these cryptic regulators in cancer.
To review current research exploring the functional biology of lncRNAs in PCa over the past three decades.
A systematic review was performed using PubMed to search for reports with terms "long noncoding RNA", "prostate", and "cancer" over the past 30 yr (1988-2018).
We comprehensively surveyed the literature collected and summarise experiments leading to the characterisation of lncRNAs in PCa. A historical timeline of lncRNA identification is described, where each lncRNA is categorised mechanistically and within the primary areas of carcinogenesis: tumour risk and initiation, tumour promotion, tumour suppression, and tumour treatment resistance. We describe select lncRNAs that exemplify these areas. We also review whether these lncRNAs have a clinical utility in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, and as therapeutic targets.
The biology of lncRNA is multifaceted, demonstrating a complex array of molecular and cellular functions. These studies reveal that lncRNAs are involved in every stage of PCa. Their clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of PCa is well supported, but further evaluation for their therapeutic candidacy is needed. We provide a detailed resource and view inside the lncRNA landscape for other cancer biologists, oncologists, and clinicians.
In this study, we review current knowledge of the non-protein-coding genome in prostate cancer (PCa). We conclude that many of these regions are functional and a source of accurate biomarkers in PCa. With a strong research foundation, they hold promise as future therapeutic targets, yet clinical trials are necessary to determine their intrinsic value to PCa disease management.
越来越明显的是，基因组的非蛋白编码区域可以产生形成癌症基因组功能层的转录本。在这些区域中，最丰富的一类是长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）。它们在前列腺癌（PCa）中受到越来越多的关注，并为更好地理解这些隐匿性癌症调控因子铺平了道路。
回顾过去 30 年中，探索 lncRNA 在 PCa 中的功能生物学的当前研究。
使用 PubMed 进行系统评价，以搜索过去 30 年（1988-2018 年）中带有“长非编码 RNA”、“前列腺”和“癌症”术语的报告。
我们全面调查了收集到的文献，并总结了导致 PCa 中 lncRNA 特征描述的实验。描述了 lncRNA 鉴定的历史时间线，其中每个 lncRNA 都在机制上进行分类，并在致癌作用的主要领域内进行分类：肿瘤风险和起始、肿瘤促进、肿瘤抑制和肿瘤治疗抵抗。我们描述了一些体现这些领域的 lncRNA。我们还回顾了这些 lncRNA 在 PCa 的诊断、预后和预测以及作为治疗靶点是否具有临床实用性。
lncRNA 的生物学具有多面性，表现出复杂的分子和细胞功能。这些研究表明，lncRNA 参与了 PCa 的各个阶段。它们在 PCa 的诊断、预后和预测中的临床实用性得到了很好的支持，但需要进一步评估它们作为治疗候选物的可能性。我们为其他癌症生物学家、肿瘤学家和临床医生提供了一个详细的 lncRNA 景观资源和视图。
在这项研究中，我们回顾了目前对前列腺癌（PCa）中非蛋白编码基因组的认识。我们的结论是，这些区域中的许多区域是功能性的，并且是 PCa 中准确生物标志物的来源。有了坚实的研究基础，它们有望成为未来的治疗靶点，但需要进行临床试验来确定它们对 PCa 疾病管理的内在价值。
