Komakech Richard, Kim Yong-Goo, Matsabisa Gilbert Motlalepula, Kang Youngmin
University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Republic of Korea.
Integr Med Res. 2019 Sep;8(3):181-186. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Chronic inflammation is one of the causes of a number of non-infectious diseases in the world. Over the years, has played fundamental roles in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. It is a commercialized biocompatible medicinal plant species with a wide range of therapeutic window and with suggested LD50 greater than 5000 mg kg body weight when administered to the Wistar rats. This review examined the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential and mechanism of various extracts from pulp, leaves, seeds, stem bark, and roots. The preclinical studies provided strong pharmacological evidence for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the different parts of and this may be attributed to the various bioactive compounds in it including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and steroids. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extracts from the different parts of may be due to its ability to inhibit a number of biological processes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 5-lipoxygenase biosynthesis, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The analgesic activity of may also be through the activation of the opioidergic mechanism at both the peripheral and central levels. Although further pre-clinical studies still need to be conducted, these results demonstrated that has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and hence provides justification for its use in traditional medicine to treat body pain and other inflammatory related diseases including arthritis and offers a basis for future clinical studies and possible drug development.
慢性炎症是世界上许多非传染性疾病的病因之一。多年来，它在传统医学中作为抗炎和镇痛药发挥了重要作用。它是一种商业化的生物相容性药用植物物种，具有广泛的治疗窗口，给Wistar大鼠给药时建议的半数致死量大于5000毫克/千克体重。本综述研究了该植物果肉、叶子、种子、茎皮和根的各种提取物的抗炎和镇痛潜力及作用机制。临床前研究为该植物不同部位的抗炎和镇痛活性提供了有力的药理学证据，这可能归因于其中的各种生物活性化合物，包括生物碱、黄酮类化合物、单宁、酚类、皂苷和甾体。该植物不同部位提取物的抗炎和镇痛作用可能是由于其能够抑制多种生物学过程，包括环氧合酶-2（COX-2）表达、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、5-脂氧合酶生物合成以及肿瘤坏死因子-α。该植物的镇痛活性也可能是通过在外周和中枢水平激活阿片样物质机制。尽管仍需要进行进一步的临床前研究，但这些结果表明该植物具有强大的抗炎和镇痛活性，因此为其在传统医学中用于治疗身体疼痛和其他炎症相关疾病（包括关节炎）提供了依据，并为未来的临床研究和可能的药物开发提供了基础。
