Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Phytother Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2661-2684. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6466. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Several reviews have been published on Artemisia's derived natural products, but it is the first attempt to review the chemistry and pharmacology of more than 80 alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds obtained from various Artemisia species (covering the literature up to June 2018). The pharmacological potential and unique skeleton types of certain Artemisia's alkaloids provoke the importance of analyzing Artemisia species for bioactive alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds. Among the various types of bioactive Artemisia's alkaloids, the main classes were the derivatives of rupestine (pyridine-sesquiterpene), lycoctonine (diterpene), pyrrolizidine, purines, polyamine, peptides, indole, piperidine, pyrrolidine, alkamides, and flavoalkaloids. The rupestine derivatives are Artemisia's characteristic alkaloids, whereas the rest are common alkaloids found in the family Asteraceae and chemotaxonomically links the genus Artemisia with the tribes Anthemideae. The most important biological activities of Artemisia's alkaloids are including hepatoprotective, local anesthetic, β-galactosidase, and antiparasitic activities; treatment of angina pectoris, opening blocked arteries, as a sleep-inducing agents and inhibition of HIV viral protease, CYP450, melanin biosynthesis, human carbonic anhydrase, [3H]-AEA metabolism, kinases, and DNA polymerase β . Some of the important nitrogen metabolites of Artemisia include pellitorine, zeatin, tryptophan, rupestine, and aconitine analogs, which need to be optimized and commercialized further.
已有多篇关于青蒿属植物天然产物的综述发表，但这是首次针对从各种青蒿属植物（涵盖截至 2018 年 6 月的文献）中获得的 80 多种生物碱和含氮类似物的化学和药理学进行综述。某些青蒿属植物生物碱的药理潜力和独特骨架类型促使人们重视分析青蒿属植物中的生物活性生物碱和含氮类似物。在各种类型的生物活性青蒿属植物生物碱中，主要的类别是来源于瑞普汀（吡啶倍半萜）、藜芦定（二萜）、吡咯里西啶、嘌呤、多胺、肽、吲哚、哌啶、吡咯烷、酰胺和类黄酮生物碱的衍生物。瑞普汀衍生物是青蒿属植物的特征生物碱，而其余的则是在菊科中常见的生物碱，从化学分类学上把青蒿属与春黄菊族联系起来。青蒿属植物生物碱最重要的生物活性包括保肝、局部麻醉、β-半乳糖苷酶和抗寄生虫活性；治疗心绞痛、开通阻塞的动脉、作为诱导睡眠的药物以及抑制 HIV 病毒蛋白酶、CYP450、黑色素生物合成、人碳酸酐酶、[3H]-AEA 代谢、激酶和 DNA 聚合酶β。青蒿属植物的一些重要含氮代谢物包括佩兰毒素、玉米素、色氨酸、瑞普汀和乌头碱类似物，这些物质需要进一步优化和商业化。
