Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
J Endocrinol. 2019 Nov;243(2):125-135. doi: 10.1530/JOE-19-0122.
The composition and activity of the gut microbiota depend on the host genome, nutrition, and lifestyle. Exercise and sodium butyrate (NaB) exert metabolic benefits in both mice and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effect of exercise training and dietary supplementation of butyrate on the composition of gut microbiota and whether the altered gut microbiota can stimulate differential production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which promote the expression of SESN2 and CRTC2 to improve metabolic health and protect against obesity. C57BL/6J mice were used to study the effect of exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) with or without NaB on gut microbiota. Bacterial communities were assayed in fecal samples using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Western blot was performed using relevant antibodies to detect the protein expressions in liver and HepG2 cell extracts. Exercise and butyrate administration significantly reversed metabolic dysfunctions induced by HFD (P < 0.05). The number of Firmicutes and the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes order were predominant in all HFD groups (P = 0.001). Exercise and butyrate supplementation significantly inhibited the relative abundance of lipopolysaccharide-producing phyla (P = 0.001). SESN2 and CRTC2 expression in the liver of mice were significantly increased after exercise (P < 0.05) and/or supplementation of butyrate (P < 0.05). Exercise enhances butyrate-producing fecal bacteria and increases butyrate production and consequently improves lipid metabolism through the butyrate-SESN2/CRTC2 pathway. Excess butyrate may reduce the proportion of probiotics and reverse the metabolic effects.
肠道微生物群的组成和活性取决于宿主基因组、营养和生活方式。运动和丁酸钠（NaB）在小鼠和人类中都具有代谢益处。然而，其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在研究运动训练和丁酸的饮食补充对肠道微生物群组成的影响，以及改变的肠道微生物群是否可以刺激短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的差异产生，从而促进 SESN2 和 CRTC2 的表达，改善代谢健康并预防肥胖。使用 C57BL/6J 小鼠研究运动和高脂肪饮食（HFD）加或不加 NaB 对肠道微生物群的影响。使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子的焦磷酸测序检测粪便样本中的细菌群落。使用相关抗体通过 Western blot 检测肝和 HepG2 细胞提取物中的蛋白表达。运动和丁酸钠给药显著逆转了 HFD 引起的代谢功能障碍（P < 0.05）。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的数量和比例在所有 HFD 组中均占主导地位（P = 0.001）。运动和丁酸钠补充显著抑制了产内毒素菌门的相对丰度（P = 0.001）。运动后（P < 0.05）和/或丁酸钠补充后（P < 0.05），小鼠肝 SESN2 和 CRTC2 的表达显著增加。运动增强了产丁酸的粪便细菌，并通过丁酸-SESN2/CRTC2 途径增加丁酸产生，从而改善脂质代谢。过量的丁酸可能会减少益生菌的比例并逆转代谢作用。
