Wang Kun, Jin Yu, Sun Shixiong, Huang Yangyang, Peng Jian, Luo Jiahuan, Zhang Qin, Qiu Yuegang, Fang Chun, Han Jiantao
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
ACS Omega. 2017 Apr 27;2(4):1687-1695. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00259. eCollection 2017 Apr 30.
As an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), hard carbon (HC) presents high specific capacity and favorable cycling performance. However, high cost and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of HC seriously limit its future commercialization for SIBs. A typical biowaste, mangosteen shell was selected as a precursor to prepare low-cost and high-performance HC via a facile one-step carbonization method, and the influence of different heat treatments on the morphologies, microstructures, and electrochemical performances was investigated systematically. The microstructure evolution studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, along with electrochemical measurements, reveals the optimal carbonization condition of the mangosteen shell: HC carbonized at 1500 °C for 2 h delivers the highest reversible capacity of ∼330 mA h g at a current density of 20 mA g, a capacity retention of ∼98% after 100 cycles, and an ICE of ∼83%. Additionally, the sodium-ion storage behavior of HC is deeply analyzed using galvanostatic intermittent titration and cyclic voltammetry technologies.
作为钠离子电池（SIBs）的负极材料，硬碳（HC）具有高比容量和良好的循环性能。然而，硬碳的高成本和低初始库仑效率（ICE）严重限制了其未来在钠离子电池中的商业化应用。本文选用一种典型的生物废弃物——山竹壳作为前驱体，通过简便的一步碳化法制备低成本、高性能的硬碳，并系统研究了不同热处理条件对其形貌、微观结构和电化学性能的影响。利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒比表面积测定法和高分辨率透射电子显微镜对微观结构演变进行研究，并结合电化学测试，揭示了山竹壳的最佳碳化条件：在1500℃下碳化2小时的硬碳在电流密度为20 mA g时具有最高可逆容量330 mA h g，100次循环后容量保持率98%，初始库仑效率~83%。此外，采用恒电流间歇滴定法和循环伏安法技术深入分析了硬碳的钠离子存储行为。
