Clinical Exercise Science, University of Potsdam, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 29;14(8):e0221346. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221346. eCollection 2019.
Injury prevention programs (IPPs) are an inherent part of training in recreational and professional sports. Providing performance-enhancing benefits in addition to injury prevention may help adjust coaches and athletes' attitudes towards implementation of injury prevention into daily routine. Conventional thinking by players and coaches alike seems to suggest that IPPs need to be specific to one's sport to allow for performance enhancement. The systematic literature review aims to firstly determine the IPPs nature of exercises and whether they are specific to the sport or based on general conditioning. Secondly, can they demonstrate whether general, sports-specific or even mixed IPPs improve key performance indicators with the aim to better facilitate long-term implementation of these programs?
PubMed and Web of Science were electronically searched throughout March 2018. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials, publication dates between Jan 2006 and Feb 2018, athletes (11-45 years), injury prevention programs and included predefined performance measures that could be categorized into balance, power, strength, speed/agility and endurance. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tools.
Of 6619 initial findings, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, reference lists unearthed a further 6 studies, making a total of 28. Nine studies used sports specific IPPs, eleven general and eight mixed prevention strategies. Overall, general programs ranged from 29-57% in their effectiveness across performance outcomes. Mixed IPPs improved in 80% balance outcomes but only 20-44% in others. Sports-specific programs led to larger scale improvements in balance (66%), power (83%), strength (75%), and speed/agility (62%).
Sports-specific IPPs have the strongest influence on most performance indices based on the significant improvement versus control groups. Other factors such as intensity, technical execution and compliance should be accounted for in future investigations in addition to exercise modality.
伤害预防计划（IPPs）是娱乐和专业运动训练的固有组成部分。除了预防伤害之外，提供增强表现的好处可能有助于调整教练和运动员对将伤害预防纳入日常工作的态度。运动员和教练的传统思维似乎表明，IPPs 需要针对一项运动的特殊性，以允许进行性能增强。系统文献综述旨在首先确定 IPP 的运动练习的性质，以及它们是否针对特定运动或基于一般调节。其次，它们是否可以证明一般、特定于运动或甚至混合的 IPP 是否可以提高关键绩效指标，以更好地促进这些计划的长期实施？
2018 年 3 月通过 PubMed 和 Web of Science 进行电子搜索。纳入标准为随机对照试验，发表日期为 2006 年 1 月至 2018 年 2 月，运动员（11-45 岁），伤害预防计划，并包含可归类为平衡、力量、力量、速度/敏捷性和耐力的预定义表现指标。使用 Cochrane 协作评估工具评估纳入文章的方法学质量。
在 6619 个初始发现中，有 22 项研究符合纳入标准。此外，参考文献还发现了另外 6 项研究，总共 28 项。9 项研究使用了特定于运动的 IPP，11 项使用了一般的，8 项使用了混合的预防策略。总体而言，一般方案在各个表现结果中的有效性范围为 29-57%。混合 IPP 在 80%的平衡结果中得到改善，但在其他结果中仅为 20-44%。特定于运动的方案在平衡（66%）、力量（83%）、力量（75%）和速度/敏捷性（62%）方面导致更大规模的改善。
基于与对照组相比的显著改善，特定于运动的 IPP 对大多数表现指标的影响最大。在未来的研究中，除了运动方式外，还应考虑强度、技术执行和合规性等其他因素。
