Lau Rachel Y, Mukherjee Swarup
Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2023 Mar 17;5(2):91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.001. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Several targeted upper extremity injury prevention programs have been developed to mitigate the risk of upper extremity overuse injuries among youth athletes in overhead sports; however, their effectiveness on performance outcome measures has not been investigated. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of existing upper extremity injury prevention programs that focused on modifying intrinsic risk factors, and performance outcome measures in overhead youth athletes. The secondary aim was to identify the training components of these programs. PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to November 2020 for studies that implemented training programs or exercises for upper extremity injury prevention among youth athletes in overhead throwing or striking sports. An updated search was conducted from December 2020 to October 2022. A program was deemed effective for a performance outcome measure if significant improvements were observed in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Of the 1 394 studies identified, five studies met the inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of the injury prevention programs on the identified performance outcome measures of strength, mobility, and sport-specific measures were 30.4%, 28.6%, and 22.2%, respectively. The training components targeted were strength, mobility, and plyometrics. Strength was the most common training component and was also the most widely investigated performance outcome measure. Overall, current upper extremity injury prevention programs seem effective at improving performance outcome measures of strength, mobility, and sport-specific outcomes with training components of strength, mobility and plyometrics. Standardized protocols are required for the measurement and reporting of performance outcomes measures, and the reporting of training components.
已经开发了几种有针对性的上肢损伤预防计划，以降低从事过头运动的青少年运动员上肢过度使用损伤的风险；然而，这些计划对运动成绩指标的有效性尚未得到研究。本系统评价评估了现有上肢损伤预防计划的有效性，这些计划侧重于改变内在风险因素，以及对从事过头运动的青少年运动员的运动成绩指标。次要目的是确定这些计划的训练组成部分。在2000年1月至2020年11月期间，检索了PubMed、物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）、SPORTDiscus（通过EBSCOhost）和科学网，以查找针对从事过头投掷或打击运动的青少年运动员实施上肢损伤预防训练计划或练习的研究。在2020年12月至2022年10月进行了更新检索。如果干预组与对照组相比观察到显著改善，则认为该计划对运动成绩指标有效。在识别出的1394项研究中，有5项研究符合纳入标准。预防损伤计划对已确定的力量、灵活性和特定运动指标等运动成绩指标的有效性分别为30.4%、28.6%和22.2%。所针对的训练组成部分是力量、灵活性和增强式训练。力量是最常见的训练组成部分，也是研究最广泛的运动成绩指标。总体而言，当前的上肢损伤预防计划似乎通过力量、灵活性和增强式训练等组成部分，在改善力量、灵活性和特定运动结果的运动成绩指标方面是有效的。运动成绩指标的测量和报告以及训练组成部分的报告需要标准化方案。
