Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019 Oct;10(6):101268. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101268. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) pose a considerable threat to human and animal health in Mongolia; a large and sparsely inhabited country whose economy is largely dependent on animal production. Intensive contact between herdsmen and their livestock, together with the use of pastures without fencing, allows contact between wildlife, domestic animals and humans, thus creating ideal conditions for epizoonoses and zoonoses. Consequently, ticks and TBPs cause significant medical, veterinary, and economical concern. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about this zoonotic problem in Mongolia, focusing on tick species from the genera Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus, which are associated with particular vegetation zones of the country. The most important tick species of medical and veterinary concern are Ixodes persulcatus and Dermacentor nuttalli, which are found in northern boreal forests and central steppes, respectively. These tick species transmit a wide variety of TBPs, including tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia, Anaplasma, and Rickettsia bacteria, and Babesia parasites infecting rodents, wild ungulates, livestock, and humans. Despite basic characteristics of the biology of ticks and TBPs in Mongolia being known, further research is needed to gain more precise and quantitative data on what tick species and TBPs are currently present within Mongolia, and their effects on human health and animal production.
在蒙古，蜱虫和蜱传病原体（TBPs）对人类和动物健康构成了相当大的威胁；蒙古是一个幅员辽阔、人口稀少的国家，其经济在很大程度上依赖于畜牧业。牧民与牲畜之间的密切接触，加上对无围栏牧场的利用，使得野生动物、家畜和人类之间得以接触，从而为动物传染病和人畜共患病创造了理想的条件。因此，蜱虫和 TBPs 引起了重大的医学、兽医和经济关注。本综述总结了蒙古在该人畜共患病问题上的最新知识状况，重点介绍了与该国特定植被带相关的硬蜱属（Ixodes）、璃眼蜱属（Haemaphysalis）、扇头蜱属（Dermacentor）、璃眼蜱属（Hyalomma）和血蜱属（Rhipicephalus）的蜱种。最受关注的具有医学和兽医重要性的蜱种是在北方北方森林和中部草原中发现的璃眼蜱（Ixodes persulcatus）和扇头蜱（Dermacentor nuttalli）。这些蜱种传播多种 TBPs，包括蜱传脑炎病毒、伯氏疏螺旋体、无形体和立克次体细菌以及感染啮齿动物、野生有蹄类动物、家畜和人类的巴贝斯虫。尽管蒙古蜱虫和 TBPs 的生物学基本特征已经为人所知，但仍需要进一步研究，以获得关于蒙古当前存在的蜱种和 TBPs 及其对人类健康和动物生产的影响的更精确和定量的数据。
