Traffic Psychology,Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Inj Prev. 2020 Oct;26(5):417-423. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043268. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
Pedestrian injuries are among the most common cause of death and serious injury to children. A range of risk factors, including individual differences and traffic environment factors, has been investigated as predictors of children's pedestrian behaviours. There is little evidence examining how risk factors might interact with each other to influence children's risk, however. The present study examined the independent and joint influences of individual differences (sex and sensation seeking) and traffic environment factors (vehicle speeds and inter-vehicle distances) on children's pedestrian safety.
A total of 300 children aged 10-13 years were recruited to complete a sensation-seeking scale, and 120 of those were selected for further evaluation based on having high or low sensation-seeking scores in each gender, with 30 children in each group. Children's pedestrian crossing behaviours were evaluated in a virtual reality traffic environment.
Children low in sensation seeking missed more opportunities to cross and had longer start gaps to enter the roadway compared with those high in sensation seeking, and these effects were more substantial when vehicles were spread further apart but travelling slowly. Interaction effects between inter-vehicle distance and vehicle speed were also detected, with children engaging in riskier crossings when the car was moving more quickly and the vehicles were spread further than when the vehicles were moving quickly but were closer together. No sex differences or interactions emerged.
Both sensation seeking and traffic environment factors impact children's behaviour in traffic, and there are interactions between traffic speeds and inter-vehicle distances that impact crossing behaviour.
行人伤害是儿童死亡和重伤的最常见原因之一。一系列风险因素，包括个体差异和交通环境因素，已被研究作为儿童行人行为的预测因素。然而，很少有证据表明这些风险因素如何相互作用以影响儿童的风险。本研究探讨了个体差异（性别和感觉寻求）和交通环境因素（车辆速度和车辆间距离）对儿童行人安全的独立和联合影响。
共招募了 300 名 10-13 岁的儿童完成感觉寻求量表，其中 120 名根据每个性别中的高或低感觉寻求得分进行了进一步评估，每组 30 名儿童。在虚拟现实交通环境中评估儿童的行人穿越行为。
与感觉寻求高的儿童相比，感觉寻求低的儿童错过的穿越机会更多，进入道路的起始间隙更长，而当车辆之间的距离更远且行驶速度较慢时，这些影响更为明显。还检测到车辆间距离和车辆速度之间的交互作用，当汽车行驶速度更快且车辆之间的距离更远时，儿童会进行更危险的穿越，而当车辆行驶速度较快但距离较近时则不会。未出现性别差异或相互作用。
感觉寻求和交通环境因素都影响儿童在交通中的行为，而且交通速度和车辆间距离之间存在相互作用，影响穿越行为。
