Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Servicio de Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Gral. San Martín, La Plata, Argentina.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019 Oct;21(10):1604-1606. doi: 10.1111/jch.13691. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
In Argentina, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and represent 1/3 of total mortality. In 2017, hypertension prevalence for inhabitants ≥18 years old was 36.3%, and its level of knowledge and control (<140/90 mm Hg) were 61% and 24%, respectively. Furthermore, 56% of people treated with antihypertensive drugs do not reach therapeutic goal. In addition to this, prevalence of other risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyle, overweight-obesity, high blood glucose/diabetes, and high cholesterol, has worsened in the last 5 years. The governmental initiative "Less Salt More Life" intends to reduce salt consumption in the entire population and promoted a National Law, which establishes the progressive salt reduction in processed foods. This initiative is probably related to the reduction of salt use after cooking or sitting at the table, observed in the Risk Factors National Survey. Furthermore, previously published studies showed, in relatively small samples from Argentina, that populational blood pressure can be decreased and hypertension control can be improved using community-based or multicomponent intervention programs. However, no specific designed national effort for hypertension control is now officially applied. In consequence, we believe that, in order to increase hypertension control, the effort should not focus on developing new strategies, but on quickly implementing and maintaining those local multicomponent interventions that have already proven to be effective.
在阿根廷,心血管疾病是导致死亡的主要原因,占总死亡率的 1/3。2017 年,≥18 岁居民的高血压患病率为 36.3%,其知晓率和控制率(<140/90mmHg)分别为 61%和 24%。此外,56%接受降压药物治疗的患者未达到治疗目标。除此之外,过去 5 年来,其他风险因素(如久坐的生活方式、超重/肥胖、高血糖/糖尿病和高胆固醇)的患病率有所恶化。政府发起的“少盐多生活”倡议旨在减少全民食盐摄入量,并推动了一项国家法律,该法律规定了加工食品中盐的逐步减少。这一倡议可能与烹饪后或坐在餐桌旁用盐量减少有关,这在危险因素全国调查中得到了观察。此外,以前发表的研究表明,在阿根廷相对较小的样本中,通过基于社区或多组分干预计划,可以降低人群血压并改善高血压控制。然而,目前尚未正式实施专门针对高血压控制的国家努力。因此,我们认为,为了提高高血压控制率,不应专注于制定新策略,而应迅速实施和维持那些已被证明有效的地方性多组分干预措施。