Suitability of the use of an elastin matrix combined with bone morphogenetic protein for the repair of cranial defects.

The use of biomaterials in medical and dental areas has become increasingly important due to the need to restore areas with bone loss or defects. This study analyzed the use of a new elastin polymer matrix combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein for the repair of cranial defects in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: control (C) defect without graft, E24 (defect filled with elastin matrix submitted to alkaline hydrolysis at 50°C for 24 h), E24/BMP (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 50°C for 24 h plus BMP), E96 (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 37°C for 96 h) and E96/BMP (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 37°C for 96 h plus BMP). The animals were killed after 6 weeks. In the histological and microtomographic analysis, all groups showed bone growth from the defect margins remaining in this region without a marked inflammatory process, but in the E96/BMP group the lamellae were thicker and the collagen fibers more organized. Histometrically, the same group presented higher percentage of new formation (43.25 ± 3.72) in relation to the other groups. It was concluded that the support and delivery system formed by the elastin matrix associated with BMPs had a positive effect on the bone repair process.