Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Nov;26(32):33363-33372. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06311-7. Epub 2019 Sep 14.
Most sulfonamides, widely used around the world, are excreted via feces and urine along with their metabolites in humans and animals. Therefore, understanding the potential removal pathway of sulfonamides and their metabolites in wastewater treatment systems is of importance. The occurrence and fate of four sulfonamides and their acetyl metabolites in wastewater and sludge in a biological aerated filter in Xiamen city were evaluated. Six of the target compounds were detected in wastewater, but only parent compounds were detected in sludge. The highest concentration in wastewater was acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (Ac-SMZ) with a concentration of 75.2 ng/L. Removal efficiency and mass load in wastewater treatment systems were calculated. In terms of the overall removal efficiency, they ranged from 24.4 to 100%. The removal efficiencies of sulfamerazine (SM1), sulfamethazine (SM2), and sulfadiazine (SD) were up to 100% while N-acetyl sulfamerazine (Ac-SM1) showed the lowest removal efficiency. Biodegradation was the dominant remove pathway according to the mass balance analysis while SD and SM2 were sludge adsorption. The results can provide an insight into the fate of target sulfonamides in BAF systems and provide data to assess their potential ecological risks.
大多数磺胺类药物在全世界广泛使用，会与它们的代谢物一起通过粪便和尿液从人和动物体内排出。因此，了解磺胺类药物及其代谢物在废水处理系统中的潜在去除途径非常重要。本研究评估了厦门市曝气生物滤池（BAF）中废水和污泥中 4 种磺胺类药物及其乙酰代谢物的发生和归宿。在废水中检测到 6 种目标化合物，但在污泥中仅检测到母体化合物。废水中浓度最高的是乙酰磺胺甲噁唑（Ac-SMZ），浓度为 75.2ng/L。计算了废水处理系统中的去除效率和质量负荷。从整体去除效率来看，它们的范围在 24.4%到 100%之间。磺胺甲噁唑（SM1）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）和磺胺嘧啶（SD）的去除效率高达 100%，而 N-乙酰磺胺甲噁唑（Ac-SM1）的去除效率最低。根据质量平衡分析，生物降解是主要的去除途径，而 SD 和 SM2 则是污泥吸附。研究结果可以深入了解目标磺胺类药物在 BAF 系统中的归宿，并为评估其潜在生态风险提供数据。
