Provost and Vice President (Academic) , Shoin University , Atsugi, Kanagawa , Japan.
Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2019 Dec;27(1):1599653. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2019.1599653.
Panel data from 157 countries, between 1970 and 2007, were used to study the associations between introducing an explicit and enforceable right to health into national constitutions and subsequent reductions in neonatal, infant, and maternal mortality and the probability of dying for adult women. The introduction of a right to health in a national constitution was significantly associated with subsequent reductions in neonatal and infant mortality rates. However, it was not associated with reductions in maternal mortality ratios and the probability of dying for adult women. The reduction in neonatal and infant mortality rates was large in countries with high scores for democratic governance, but approximately half as great in countries with low scores for democratic governance. The results suggest that introducing a constitutional right to health is likely to be an effective mechanism for improving infant health in countries with a high level of democratic governance. This health benefit is not seen in maternal and women's health outcomes. There is an imminent need to translate the constitutional promise of a right to health into the improvement of maternal health for all in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.
使用了 1970 年至 2007 年间来自 157 个国家的面板数据，研究了在国家宪法中引入明确和可执行的健康权利与随后降低新生儿、婴儿和产妇死亡率以及成年女性死亡概率之间的关系。在国家宪法中引入健康权利与随后降低新生儿和婴儿死亡率显著相关。然而，它与降低产妇死亡率和成年女性死亡概率无关。在民主治理得分较高的国家，新生儿和婴儿死亡率的降低幅度较大，但在民主治理得分较低的国家，这一降幅约为一半。研究结果表明，在民主治理水平较高的国家，引入宪法规定的健康权利可能是改善婴儿健康的有效机制。这一健康益处并未体现在产妇和妇女健康结果上。在可持续发展目标时代，迫切需要将宪法规定的健康权利承诺转化为改善所有妇女的孕产妇健康。
