Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 20;10(1):4308. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12127-3.
Recently, four-dimensional (4D) functional nano-materials have attracted considerable attention due to their impact in cutting-edge fields such as nano-(opto)electronics, -biotechnology or -biomedicine. Prominent optical functionalizations, representing the fourth dimension, require precisely tailored light fields for its optimal implementation. These fields need to be like-wise 4D, i.e., nano-structured in three-dimensional (3D) space while polarization embeds additional longitudinal components. Though a couple of approaches to realize 4D fields have been suggested, their breakthrough is impeded by a lack of appropriate analysis techniques. Combining molecular self-assembly, i.e., nano-chemistry, and nano-optics, we propose a polarization nano-tomography of respective fields using the functional material itself as a sensor. Our method allows a single-shot identification of non-paraxial light fields at nano-scale resolution without any data post-processing. We prove its functionality numerically and experimentally, elucidating its amplitude, phase and 3D polarization sensitivity. We analyze non-paraxial field properties, demonstrating our method's capability and potential for next generation 4D materials.
最近，由于在纳米-（光）电子学、-生物技术或-生物医学等前沿领域的应用，四维（4D）功能纳米材料引起了相当大的关注。突出的光学功能化代表了第四个维度，需要精确调整光场才能实现最佳效果。这些场同样需要是 4D 的，即在三维（3D）空间中纳米结构化，同时偏振嵌入额外的纵向分量。尽管已经提出了几种实现 4D 场的方法，但由于缺乏适当的分析技术，其突破受到阻碍。我们通过将分子自组装（即纳米化学）和纳米光学相结合，提出了一种使用功能材料本身作为传感器的各向异性场的偏振纳米层析成像方法。我们的方法允许在不进行任何数据后处理的情况下，以单次拍摄的方式识别纳米级分辨率的非近轴光场。我们通过数值和实验证明了其功能，阐明了其幅度、相位和 3D 偏振灵敏度。我们分析了非近轴场的特性，展示了我们的方法的能力和在下一代 4D 材料中的潜力。
