Jones Joseph W, Fauth Elizabeth B, Ernsth Bravell Marie, Johansson Boo, Ledermann Thomas
1Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA.
2Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA.
Eur J Ageing. 2019 Jan 29;16(3):317-326. doi: 10.1007/s10433-019-00500-6. eCollection 2019 Sep.
Subjective memory and objective memory performance have predictive utility for clinically relevant outcomes in older adults. Previous research supports certain overlap between objective performance and subjective ratings of memory. These studies are typically cross-sectional or use baseline data only to predict subsequent change. The current study uses a parallel process model to examine concurrent changes in objective memory and subjective memory. We combined data from two population-based Swedish studies of individuals aged 80 + years, assessed every 2 years (OCTO-3 measurement occasions, OCTO-Twin-5 measurement occasions) yielding 607 participants (66% female). The results confirmed that both objective and subjective memory declined over time. The association between the slope of objective memory and subjective memory was statistically significant for women but not for men. This pattern remained after accounting for age and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that, in population-based samples of the oldest old, women seem to show better metacognitive abilities in detecting and reporting changes in memory. Memory changes for men may be better identified by objective performance as their self-assessment of memory changes is not associated with actual change in memory performance.
主观记忆和客观记忆表现对老年人临床相关结局具有预测效用。先前的研究支持客观表现与记忆主观评分之间存在一定重叠。这些研究通常是横断面研究，或仅使用基线数据来预测后续变化。本研究采用平行过程模型来检验客观记忆和主观记忆的同步变化。我们合并了两项基于瑞典人群的针对80岁及以上个体的研究数据，每两年进行一次评估（OCTO - 3测量次数，OCTO - Twin - 5测量次数），共有607名参与者（66%为女性）。结果证实，客观记忆和主观记忆均随时间下降。客观记忆斜率与主观记忆之间的关联在女性中具有统计学意义，而在男性中则不然。在考虑年龄和抑郁症状后，这种模式依然存在。我们的研究结果表明，在基于人群的最年长者样本中，女性在检测和报告记忆变化方面似乎表现出更好的元认知能力。男性的记忆变化可能通过客观表现能更好地识别，因为他们对记忆变化的自我评估与记忆表现的实际变化无关。
