Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2012 Dec;27(4):1082-8. doi: 10.1037/a0029048. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
We investigated whether older adults could successfully monitor age-related declines in recollection that are typically found on episodic memory tests. In two experiments, we elicited prospective metamemory judgments based on the remember-know procedure, called Judgments of Remembering and Knowing (JORKs). That is, participants predicted whether word pairs would be remembered (i.e., accompanied by recollective details), known (i.e., have a sense of familiarity devoid of recollective details), or forgotten, on a later test. Compared with actual test performance, older adults were highly overconfident in predicting remembering, whereas younger adults' predictions more closely corresponded with actual remembering. These data suggest that older adults have difficulties monitoring age-related declines in recollection.
我们研究了老年人是否能够成功监测到与年龄相关的回忆衰退，这种衰退通常在情景记忆测试中出现。在两项实验中，我们根据“记得-知道”程序引出前瞻性元记忆判断，称为“记忆和知道判断”（JORKs）。也就是说，参与者预测单词对是否会被记住（即，伴有回忆细节）、知道（即，有熟悉感但没有回忆细节）还是忘记，在以后的测试中。与实际测试表现相比，老年人在预测记忆时过于自信，而年轻人的预测更接近实际记忆。这些数据表明，老年人在监测与年龄相关的回忆衰退方面存在困难。
