Can Hasan, Kal Unal, Ozyigit Ibrahim Ilker, Paksoy Mustafa, Turkmen Onder
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops and Horticulture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan.
J Genet. 2019 Sep;98.
Advanced marker technologies are widely used for evaluation of genetic diversity in cultivated crops, wild ancestors, landraces or any special plant genotypes. Developing agricultural cultivars requires the following steps: (i) determining desired characteristics to be improved, (ii) screening genetic resources to help find a superior cultivar, (iii) intercrossing selected individuals, (iv) generating genetically hybrid populations and screening them for agro-morphological or molecular traits, (v) evaluating the superior cultivar candidates, (vi) testing field performance at different locations, and (vii) certifying. In the cultivar development process valuable genes can be identified by creating special biparental or multiparental populations and analysing their association using suitable markers in given populations. These special populations and advanced marker technologies give us a deeper knowledge about the inherited agronomic characteristics. Unaffected by the changing environmental conditions, these provide a higher understanding of genome dynamics in plants. The last decade witnessed new applications for advanced molecular techniques in the area of breeding,with low costs per sample. These, especially, include next-generation sequencing technologies like reduced representation genome sequencing (genotyping by sequencing, restriction site-associated DNA). These enabled researchers to develop new markers, such as simple sequence repeat and single- nucleotide polymorphism, for expanding the qualitative and quantitative information onpopulation dynamics. Thus, the knowledge acquired from novel technologies is a valuable asset for the breeding process and to better understand the population dynamics, their properties, and analysis methods.
先进的标记技术被广泛用于评估栽培作物、野生祖先、地方品种或任何特殊植物基因型的遗传多样性。培育农业品种需要以下步骤：（i）确定需要改良的理想特性；（ii）筛选遗传资源以帮助找到优良品种；（iii）使选定的个体进行杂交；（iv）产生遗传杂交群体并对其进行农艺形态或分子性状筛选；（v）评估优良品种候选者；（vi）在不同地点测试田间表现；以及（vii）进行认证。在品种培育过程中，可以通过创建特殊的双亲或多亲群体，并在给定群体中使用合适的标记分析它们之间的关联来鉴定有价值的基因。这些特殊群体和先进的标记技术使我们对遗传农艺特性有更深入的了解。不受不断变化的环境条件影响，它们能让我们对植物基因组动态有更深入的认识。过去十年见证了先进分子技术在育种领域的新应用，每个样本成本较低。这些技术尤其包括新一代测序技术，如简化基因组测序（测序分型、限制性位点相关DNA）。这些技术使研究人员能够开发新的标记，如简单序列重复和单核苷酸多态性，以扩展有关群体动态的定性和定量信息。因此，从新技术中获得的知识是育种过程中的宝贵资产，有助于更好地理解群体动态、其特性及分析方法。
